hi there and welcome to the chaotic classroom this video is our second video on the scientific method and in this video we're going to deal with the most common things that use variables the aim the hypothesis and the conclusion and the problem is these three have a tendency of sounding the same so I'm going to help you figure out which one is which now remember before you can start working with the aim the hypothesis and the conclusion you need to know what is the dependent variable and what is the independent variable you need to know which one's the cause and which one is the effect now first let's start with the AIM now remember the aim is usually written before you do any kind of experiment it is the one where you're going to say well why are we doing this particular investigation what do we want to know now there are certain keywords that you can look out for to see if something is is an aim or certain keywords you need to add to make sure that the examiner understands that this is the aim the most common ones are to determine to investigate or to test and remember the aim me to contain both the dependent and independent variable that's why you need to know which one is the cause and which one is the effect so let's have a look at an example of that if we have a look act our first example it says a test was done to determine there's our keyword the best baking powder to use for a High cake so what do we have we have two determines so it tells us it's an aim baking powder and the height of the cake so there's a cause and effect the baking powder is going to cause the height of the cake there are two variables in our second example we have some Learners that did an experiment and here we're going to say to C so now it's not a it's not one of the common ones but we're still going to do something to see if salt will affect the rate at which ice melts so what did we do the presence or absence of salt that's our cause and the rate at which the ice melts that will be our effect so we're taking all of the boxes there next up we have the hypothesis now this is the question that is asked by far the most often by examiners now the hypothesis is asking what is your prediction but remember science isn't personal so you can't start by saying I predict you just need to say what is your hypothesis now first up it has to be a statement so it's not a question it's not something vague it has to be a statement most of the time it's written in future or present tense and and again it needs to contain both the independent and dependent variables it needs to have that cause and effect in the statement so let's have an example of what a hypothesis looks like so now in our first one it says the more sugar you add to the dough the higher the bread will rise so can you see it's a statement doesn't have a question mark or anything we didn't use those key words from the aim like to determine or to test and you can see that cause and effect sugar is our cause the bread red Bread's height will be our effect and our second example we have something like drain cleaner will have a higher pH than vinegar so what is our cause the the drainking or the vinegar what will be our effect the pH of those and then lastly we get to the conclusion this is the one we don't ask it very often but it's usually the one that that a lot of people confused because now we're asking what did you learn from this and the conclusion is usually drawn from data which means that you're going to have to look at the numbers look at the graph look at the table and this one and that that's why it's written in present tense or in past tense most of the time because you already did the experiment now now you have to say well what did I learn and what does it need to do it needs to contain both the independent and dependent variable it needs to have that cause and effect so can you see how important those are I hope so and there's an additional bullet here with the conclusion try to avoid numbers if possible okay only discuss the trend numbers usually have to do with results and we're not asking for the results of the experiment we're asking for the conclusion what did you learn so let's have a look there in example number one it says when salt is added to ice so now you can see that it's already you know we already did this when salt is added to ice it melts faster than Salt with no ice so you can see there not really a prediction it's not saying how what we're going to be doing here you get the feeling we already did this we we came to a conclusion we we learned something and in example number two plants produce oxygen during the process of photosynthesis so we we figure out we did the experiment we figured out that oxygen is being given off during this process so I hope this helps thank you for visiting the chaotic classroom