Allahabad Address (1930) by Allama Iqbal

Context and Purpose

• Address delivered by Allama Iqbal in 1930.
• Explained the feelings and rights of Muslims in India.
• Advocated for a separate homeland for Muslims based on Islamic principles.
• Highlighted the neglect and challenges faced by Muslims from Hindus and the British government.

Key Reasons for a Separate Homeland

• Two-pronged attack on Muslim interests:
  • Hindus imposing restrictions and promoting the Nehru report.
  • British government ignoring Muslim rights, especially in education and governance.
• Urgency to address Muslim issues in North West India.

Islam as a Formative Factor

• Islam as a crucial factor in unifying Indian Muslims.
• Muslims defined as a nation needing recognition for peace in India.
• Necessity of acknowledging religious and cultural differences among various Indian communities.

Proposed Solution

• Establishment of a separate state comprising Punjab, North West Frontier Province, Baluchistan, and Sindh.
• Suggested self-governance within or outside British Empire.

Islam and Nationalism

• Islam provides a framework for life and a separate identity for Muslims.
• Emphasized Islam is not a private affair but a guide for political conditions.
• Nationalism in Muslims arises from Islamic principles.

The Question of Unity

• Iqbal questioned the possibility of unity among diverse nations in India.
• Highlighted cultural and religious differences preventing peaceful co-existence without partition.

Muslim Indians Within India

• India described as a continent with diverse human groups and religions.
• Emphasized lack of common race consciousness among Indian communities.

Conclusion

• Division of the Indian sub-continent viewed as essential for lasting peace and order.
• Iqbal's address presented a vision for solving Muslim-Hindu problems through partition.