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Review of AP World History Units 6-9

May 7, 2025

AP World History Units 6-9 Review

Introduction

  • Units covered: 6 (1750-1900) to 9 (1900-present)
  • Focus on key events, ideologies, and themes across these time periods.
  • Lectures aim to prepare students for exams, with humor and engagement.

Unit 6: 1750-1900

Key Themes

  • Imperialism and Ideologies: European empire building driven by ideologies like the belief in racial superiority, social Darwinism, and the desire to spread Christianity.
  • Nationalism: Nationalist motives within imperial states to expand empires as a show of power.
  • Economic Motives: Industrial Revolution's demand for new markets and raw materials.

Imperialism

  • Examples: Belgium's control of the Congo, British control of India.
  • New Imperialists: U.S. imperialism post-Spanish-American War, Japan's colonization of Korea and parts of Asia.
  • Scramble for Africa: European powers' diplomatic division of Africa at the Berlin Conference.

Resistance to Imperialism

  • Direct Resistance: Rebellions like Tupac Amaru's in Peru, the Indian Rebellion of 1857.
  • Creation of New States: Nationalism leading to new Balkan states.
  • Religious Movements: Ghost Dance in the U.S., Cattle Killing Movement in South Africa.

Economic Changes

  • Shift from subsistence farming to cash crops due to industrial demands.
  • Economic Imperialism: Industrialized nations exerting economic control, e.g., Britain's influence in China via opium trade.

Unit 7: 1900-present

Global Conflicts

  • World War I Causes: Militarism, alliances, imperialism, nationalism.
  • World War I Strategies: Total war efforts, new technologies like poison gas, trenches.
  • Post-War Economy: Great Depression leads to increased government intervention (e.g., New Deal in the U.S.).

World War II

  • Causes: Treaty of Versailles' flaws, global economic crises, rise of fascism.
  • Strategies: Total war, use of propaganda, technological advancements like firebombing and atomic bombs.
  • Consequences: Genocide, ethnic violence, e.g., Holocaust, Stalin's policies in Ukraine.

Unit 8: Cold War and Decolonization

Cold War Dynamics

  • Causes: Ideological conflict between U.S. capitalism and Soviet communism.
  • Effects: Arms race, new military alliances (NATO, Warsaw Pact), proxy wars (Korea, Vietnam, Nicaragua).

Decolonization

  • Negotiated Independence: India gained independence through non-violent movements led by Gandhi.
  • Armed Resistance: Algeria's violent liberation from France.

Economic and Social Changes

  • Communism in China: Mao's policies like collectivization, Great Leap Forward.
  • Global Economic Integration: Rise of multinational corporations, free trade agreements.

Unit 9: Globalization

Technological and Medical Advancements

  • New communication and transportation technologies; impact on global commerce and connectivity.
  • Medical advancements like birth control and vaccines reduced disease impact in wealthy nations.
  • Agricultural innovations like the Green Revolution.

Environmental Challenges

  • Globalization's environmental impact: deforestation, desertification, climate change.
  • Solutions: Kyoto Protocol, Paris Agreement.

Cultural and Economic Globalization

  • Culture: Spread of global cultures like reggae and K-pop, influence of Hollywood and Bollywood.
  • Economy: Free market economics, knowledge economies, multinational corporations.

Political and Human Rights Movements

  • Human Rights: Movements against apartheid in South Africa, U.S. civil rights movement.
  • Gender and Religion: UN conferences on women, Negritude movement.

Conclusion

  • Globalization has changed international relations, exemplified by the formation and impact of the United Nations.