Constitution 101: Hillsdale College Online Course

Introduction

Focuses on the U.S. Constitution, the greatest and longest living constitution in history.
Taught by the politics faculty, emphasizing the significance of freedom in education.

Different Functions: Declaration is seen as radical, Constitution as conservative by some scholars.
Common Misconceptions: Argument that Declaration is about universal rights, while Constitution protects privilege is refuted.
Both documents are closely related in ideas and time (Declaration 1776, Constitution 1787).
Declaration of Independence:
- Three parts: Universal principles, grievances against the King, justification for rebellion.
- Emphasizes separation of powers and representation.
- Purpose: Establish ultimate purposes or "final causes."
Constitution:
- Provides government form and operation structure.
- Emphasizes legislative, executive, and judicial branches.
- Documents how government looks and functions.

Human Nature: Government is a reflection of human nature.
- If men were angels, no government would be needed.
- Need laws because people can act in self-interest.
Nationhood: Importance of shared language and final causes.

Limited Government: Federal government has delegated powers; states have police power.
Empowerment and Restraint: Constitution empowers and divides government.
Elections and Representation: Different methods and terms for electing various branches.
- Ensures authority spread across space and time.
- Promotes deliberation and avoids rash decisions.

Nationalism vs. Internationalism: Challenges of supranational entities like the European Union.
Federalist Papers: Recommended reading to understand political thought.

Separation of Powers: Essential for freedom, inspired by the abuses listed in the Declaration.
Final Causes: Pursuit of happiness, life, liberty.
Religious Freedom and Tolerance: Born from early settlers' experiences.

New World Advantages: America began as a new civilization without aristocracy, promoting freedom and equality.
- 150 years of learning before the Declaration.
- Influence of Western civilization and ideas.

Growth of administrative state and bureaucracy challenges constitutional intentions.
Importance of maintaining state authority.
Communication: Critical for democracy to function.
- Political systems should be based on discussion, not force.

Call to restore the authority of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence.
Encourages ongoing learning and teaching about these foundational documents.