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What is the function of menisci in the knee joint?
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Menisci help stabilize the joint and distribute the load across the knee.
Which types of collagen are predominantly found in articular cartilage?
Type II collagen, with smaller amounts of type IX and XI collagens.
How do nutrients reach the articular cartilage given its lack of blood vessels?
Nutrients diffuse through the synovial fluid to reach the articular cartilage.
Why is synovial fluid described as a non-Newtonian fluid?
Its properties change with the load applied to it.
How does the structure of synovial joints balance mobility and stability?
Through the integration of articular cartilage, synovial capsule, synovial fluid, supportive ligaments, and muscles.
Describe the primary cause of osteoarthritis.
An imbalance in degradation and repair of cartilage, hereditary factors, injury, and abnormal loading patterns.
What structural component is responsible for the production of synovial fluid?
The inner serous layer of the synovial capsule.
What is the primary function of articular cartilage in synovial joints?
To provide low friction and withstand compressive loads.
In what severe cases might joint replacement be considered a treatment for osteoarthritis?
When the degeneration of cartilage is severe and other treatments have failed.
What role does aggrecan play in the function of articular cartilage?
Aggrecan is a proteoglycan that holds water, contributing to the compressive resistance of cartilage.
Why are chondrocytes crucial to articular cartilage health?
Chondrocytes maintain the extracellular matrix and respond to loading, crucial for cartilage health.
Explain the role of the synovial fluid in joint health.
Synovial fluid acts as a lubricant for smooth movement and carries nutrients to articular cartilage while removing waste.
What are the general recommendations for managing osteoarthritis?
Maintain joint use to prolong cartilage health, manage pain, and maintain activity levels.
What differentiates a hinge joint like the knee from other types of synovial joints?
It allows movement along one axis, providing flexion and extension with some rotational ability.
Is running directly responsible for wearing out cartilage? Why or why not?
No, running itself does not wear out cartilage; improper loading is the issue.
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