Types of Bones in the Human Skeleton

Overview

• Presenter: Matt from Kenhub
• Focus: Different types of bones in the human skeleton
• Types of Bones: Long, Short, Flat, Sesamoid, Irregular

Long Bones

• Anatomy: Complex
• Development: Endochondral ossification (hyaline cartilage plate replaced)
• Structure:
  • Diaphysis: Shaft that connects two ends (epiphyses), thick compact bone, encloses marrow cavity
  • Epiphysis: Mainly spongy bone, covered by thin compact bone, participates in joints
  • Metaphysis: Connects diaphysis and epiphysis, site of growth during development
• Examples: Humerus, ulna, radius, fibula, tibia, femur, metacarpals, phalanges

Short Bones

• Structure: Thin external layer of compact bone, vast spongy bone and marrow, cuboid shape
• Examples: Carpal and tarsal bones

Flat Bones

• Structure: Two layers of compact bone covering spongy bone and bone marrow space
• Growth: Replaces connective tissue, covered by fibrocartilage at articular surfaces
• Examples: Skull bones, ribs, sternum, scapulae

Irregular Bones

• Structure: Thin layer of compact bone covering mostly spongy bone
• Categorization: Based on bone content, not shape
• Examples: Skull bones, vertebrae, hip bones

Sesamoid Bones

• Location: Found at end of long bones where tendons cross
• Function: Protect tendons from wear, develop within tendon, reduce friction
• Example: Patella (knee)

Additional Resources

• Website: kenhub.com
• Features: Articles, quizzes, anatomical atlas, video tutorials
• Encouragement: Explore more to master anatomy