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What role does calcium play in muscle and nerve function?
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Calcium is essential for bone health, nerve conduction, and blood clotting.
Identify key symptoms of hypermagnesemia.
Lethargy, EKG changes, absent reflexes, and hypotension.
How does magnesium influence nerve and muscle operation?
Magnesium affects nerve transmission and muscle contraction.
What causes hypocalcemia?
Low parathyroid hormone, low vitamin D, CKD, and certain medications.
What are the consequences of hypernatremia?
Fatigue, restlessness, increased reflexes, extreme thirst, and dry mouth.
Which diseases can lead to electrolyte imbalance?
Addison's disease, SIADH, hormonal issues, and renal problems.
What is the primary function of sodium in electrolyte balance?
Regulates water balance, muscle contraction, and nerve impulses.
How does the body primarily regulate potassium levels?
Through renal excretion and cellular exchange mechanisms.
How are electrolytes absorbed and maintained in the body?
Electrolytes are absorbed through food and drink, and balanced via kidney filtration.
Why is fluid balance crucial for bodily functions?
Fluid balance is vital to transport nutrients and oxygen, and facilitate organ function.
Explain how chloride works in conjunction with sodium.
Chloride aids sodium in maintaining acid-base balance and digestion.
What are the primary causes of hypophosphatemia?
Antacid overuse, starvation, hyperparathyroidism, and low vitamin D.
What symptoms are associated with hypokalemia?
Lethargy, shallow respirations, cardiac dysrhythmias, and leg cramps.
Describe symptoms of hypercalcemia.
Muscle weakness, EKG changes, absent reflexes, and kidney stones.
What are the functions of phosphate in the human body?
Building bones and teeth, and its regulation involves the parathyroid and vitamin D.
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