Overview
This lecture explains how eukaryotic cells use compartmentalization to increase surface area and specialization, and compares prokaryotic to eukaryotic cells, focusing on organelles like mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum.
Compartmentalization in Cells
- Compartmentalization enables eukaryotic cells to divide internal space into specialized sections called organelles.
- It increases the surface area inside the cell, improving efficiency for chemical reactions.
- Each compartment, or organelle, has a specific function, allowing simultaneous, specialized processes.
Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells
- Prokaryotic cells lack internal compartmentalization and membrane-bound organelles.
- Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, such as the nucleus, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum.
- Compartmentalization is a key difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Role of Specific Organelles
- Mitochondria compartmentalize reactions for efficient energy production (cellular respiration).
- The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) increases surface area for protein and lipid synthesis.
- Membranes within organelles maintain conditions ideal for specific biochemical processes.
Benefits of Compartmentalization
- Cells can isolate incompatible reactions, increasing overall efficiency.
- Specialized environments can be created for different cell processes.
- Greater organization leads to advanced functions and cellular complexity in eukaryotes.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Compartmentalization — Division of a cell’s interior into specialized structures or organelles.
- Organelle — A membrane-bound compartment within a eukaryotic cell with a specific function.
- Prokaryote — Cell type without internal membrane-bound organelles (e.g., bacteria).
- Eukaryote — Cell type with internal membrane-bound organelles.
- Mitochondria — Organelle responsible for producing cellular energy through respiration.
- Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) — Organelle involved in protein and lipid synthesis.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Review the Compartmentalization Concept Map and Slideshow from Bozemanscience for visual summaries.
- Compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, noting organelle structure and function.