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Which study type is recommended for calculating Odds Ratio (OR)?
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Case-Control studies.
What does high risk usually imply?
Potential for a bad outcome, though it might also indicate a high chance of a positive outcome in certain contexts.
How do you calculate Relative Risk Reduction (RRR)?
1 - Relative Risk (RR)
Interpret the Relative Risk (RR) if RR < 1.
Exposure decreases the occurrence of the disease.
Which study type is recommended for calculating Relative Risk (RR)?
Cohort studies.
Describe the formula for Number Needed to Harm (NNH).
1 divided by Attributable Risk (AR).
What is the primary focus of studies quantifying risk?
Exposure or intervention rather than diagnostic tests.
How does Odds Ratio (OR) approximate Relative Risk (RR) in low prevalence scenarios?
When disease prevalence is low, OR is a close approximation of RR.
How do you calculate the Number Needed to Treat (NNT)?
1 divided by Absolute Risk Reduction (ARR).
Interpret the Relative Risk (RR) if RR > 1.
Exposure increases the occurrence of the disease.
Define Absolute Risk Reduction (ARR).
Proportion of unexposed developing the disease minus the proportion of exposed developing the disease.
What is the formula for Attributable Risk (AR)?
Proportion of exposed developing the disease minus the proportion of unexposed developing the disease.
What is the formula for Case Fatality Rate (CFR)?
(Number of deaths / Number of cases) * 100.
Distinguish between Odds Ratio (OR) and Relative Risk (RR).
OR uses ratios (A/B) / (C/D), while RR uses proportions (A/(A+B)) / (C/(C+D)).
In risk assessment, what signifies the term 'risk'?
The chance of developing a disease.
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