Lecture Notes: CPR and the Heart

Introduction to the Heart

• The heart is a vital organ that works continuously to deliver blood and oxygen to every cell in the body.

Sudden Cardiac Arrest (SCA)

• Definition: Sudden cardiac arrest occurs when the heart stops beating effectively.
• Consequences: Blood flow ceases, leading to potential brain damage and death:
  • 4 minutes: Brain damage begins to set in.
  • 10 minutes: Brain damage becomes irreversible.

Importance of CPR

• Critical Intervention: CPR is the only chance of survival when SCA occurs.
• Two Main Functions of CPR:
  1. Oxygenated Blood Movement: Compressions move oxygenated blood to the brain, keeping it alive.
  2. Heart Muscle Support: Compressions supply blood and oxygen to the heart muscle, aiding in its recovery.

Performing CPR Effectively

• Creating an Artificial Pump: Effective compressions act as an artificial pump for the heart.
• Building Pressure: Proper compressions build pressure in the circulatory system, moving blood to vital areas.
• Key Techniques:
  • Depth: Push down at least 2 inches to effectively squeeze the heart.
  • Rate: Maintain a rate of 100 to 120 compressions per minute.

Consequences of Improper Techniques

• Taking Hands Off Chest: Blood stops moving to the brain; minimize any time off the chest.
• Inadequate Compression Depth: Insufficient depth leads to inadequate blood flow to the brain.
• Excessive Compression Speed: Pushing too fast prevents the heart from refilling with blood.
• Inadequate Recoil: Not allowing the chest to fully recoil prevents the heart from refilling and pumping effectively.

Key Takeaways

• Objective of Compressions: Keep oxygenated blood moving to the brain and heart.
• Push Hard and Fast: Prioritize depth and speed in compressions.
• Rib Fractures: If ribs break during CPR, it is acceptable; the priority is to prevent brain damage.
• Conclusion: You are the only hope for the victim. Keep performing CPR until professional help arrives or an AED is available.

Encouragement

• Remember, you can do it! Don't give up!