Naming and Drawing Organic Molecules

General Naming Rules

Longest Chain: Identify the longest chain of carbons that includes the functional group.
Numbering: Number the chain from the end nearest to the functional group.
Functional Group Positioning:
- For alcohols, ketones, and alkenes, indicate the carbon number for the functional group between the carbon prefix and functional group suffix.
- For carboxylic acids and aldehydes, the functional group is always on carbon number one.
Branches:
- Name branches in alphabetical order with a number for each branch.
- Use prefixes like 'di-' and 'tri-' for identical branches.
Esters:
- The name starts with the part from the alcohol and ends with the carboxylic acid.

Structure: Carbon chain of five.
Functional Groups: Carbonyl group on carbon 2 (ketone), methyl group on carbon 3.
Naming:
- Methyl group at position 3.
- Five-carbon chain with single bonds: "pentane".
- Ketone group on carbon 2: suffix "-one".
- Name: 3-methylpentan-2-one.

Structure: Carbon chain of six.
Functional Groups: Carboxylic acid on carbon 1, methyl groups on carbons 2 and 4.
Naming:
- Multiple methyl groups: use prefix "tri-".
- Numbers for methyl groups: 2, 2, 4.
- Name: 2,2,4-trimethylhexanoic acid.

Steps:
1. Break the name into parts.
2. Start from the end of the name to find the longest carbon chain.
3. Draw and number the chain.
4. Add branches or functional groups at specified carbons.
5. Add hydrogens to achieve a carbon valency of four.
Esters:
- First part of the name comes from the alcohol.
- Second part comes from the carboxylic acid.

Practice naming and drawing different types of organic molecules including alkanes, alkenes, alcohols, carbonyls, carboxylic acids, and esters.
Exercises include naming and drawing mixed molecules.

Additional Resources:

Follow social media for updates: Twitter (@misadamskim), Instagram (asceram's chemistry).