hello guys do you want to know about restrictive and non-restrictive clauses well here we go you're probably wondering what are they well a restrictive clause is a clause that is necessary to identify the word it modifies it often begins with who or that and when we use these clauses there are no commas used let's take a look at some examples so that you can see what i'm talking about in the first example the astronaut who first stepped on the moon was neil armstrong the claus who first stepped on the moon is describing the astronaut [Music] now moving on to a non-restrictive clause it is a clause that is not necessary to identify the word it modifies it often begins with a who or which and commas are now now let's take a look at some examples johnny who just graduated from college is an excellent pilot the non-restricted clause is in between using comments who just graduated from college if i remove this piece of information i am left with johnny is an excellent pilot which at the end is a complete sentence the second example the jones brothers which live down the street went to school with me the non-restrictive clause is in between using commas which live down the street the same way if i remove this piece of information i am left with the jones brothers went to school with me which at the end is a complete sentence now you're probably wondering how do they differ from each other well the restrictive clause is essential what does that mean that means that if we don't have this clause this sentence is incomplete on the other hand the non-restrictive clauses give bonus information and in general aspects the restrictive clauses have no commas and the non-restrictive clauses have commas so there you have it guys please remember to practice practice practice thank you you