[Music] institutional Theory the basics what are institutions Scott and Meer say that their symbolic and Behavioral Systems containing representational constitutional and normative rules together with regulatory mechanisms that Define a common meaning system and give rise to distinctive actors and action routines my and Rowen say that the social processes obligations or actualities that come to take on a rule life status in Social thought or action institutions are the basic building blocks of social political and organizational life they shape Behavior perception and choices institutions include governance structures social Arrangements Norms rules and ways of thinking and organizing institutions are not organizations so why do institutions arise well they've reduced transaction cost and meet social needs why do they persist well there's cost associated with institutional change and there are those who are embedded Within These institutions this means that institutions are not always sufficient the backbone of institutional theory is social legitimacy and survival and there are environmental and organizational structures that work together to achieve these sometimes ambiguous goals while other theories believe that structures are the most effective way to coordinate and control activities there are some drawbacks to this thinking rules may be violated decisions may go unimplemented techn IES can be problematic and evaluation and inspections of progress are sometimes vague in their determinations these drawbacks occur because structure originates within institutionalized context activities that are commonplace may be taken for granted some Services products policies and rules may be adopted ceremonially and the existence of external Norms which are referred to as rationalized myths penetrate organizations through shaping their thoughts their actions and their structure the interplay of these activities creates a loose coupling between structure and action the goal is always the protection of the technical core of the institution as institutions go through this process it creates organizational isomorphism and this helps to ensure survival what's that what's isomorphism isomorphism is similarity or identity of form shape or structure to create a mental image of what institutional Theory looks like we can put these characteristics three different pillars that cause institutions to arise change and persist the first is regulative it operates by coercive isomorphism it pushes compliance due to expedience and its indicators are rules laws and sanctions the second is normative it works through normative isomorphism it pushes compliance through social obligation and its indicators are certifications and or accreditations the third is cognitive it works through mtic isomorphism it pushes compliance based on what's taken for granted and its indicator is prevalence for example within the institution of Education we might say that an example within the regulative pillar would be that the school has to maintain a safe environment an example within the normative pillar would be its accreditations and certifications and one from its cognitive pillar would be that there are teachers and classrooms to understand how institutional Theory Works in practice we have to look at the interaction between these three pillars as they balance out to hold the educ ational institutions up for instance as a cognitive example of there being teachers in classrooms is being replaced by new normative rules involving online instruction the cognitive and normative pillars change in height and weight which will throw off the balance of the institutions if they do not adjust so isomorphism kicks in to ensure that the individual educational institutions maintain their social legitimacy and survival this in a nutshell is institutional Fe