Blood Typing Lecture Notes

Introduction

• Focus on blood groups and Rh factor.
• Importance of correct blood transfusion to prevent transfusion reactions and potential death.
• Future video will cover nurse's role in blood transfusions.

Components of Blood

• Blood Composition:
  • Plasma
  • White blood cells (fight infection)
  • Platelets (help with clotting)
  • Red blood cells (transport oxygen, remove CO2)

Blood Types

• Four Blood Groups:
  • Type A
  • Type B
  • Type AB
  • Type O
• Eight Blood Types:
  • A positive/negative
  • B positive/negative
  • AB positive/negative
  • O positive/negative
• Rh Factor:
  • Positive: Rh factor present
  • Negative: Rh factor absent

Antigens and Antibodies

• Antigens:
  • Proteins on the surface of red blood cells.
  • Determine blood type.
  • Type O has no antigens (universal donor).
• Antibodies:
  • Found in plasma.
  • Opposite of the antigen on red blood cells.

Blood Type Compatibility

• Type A:
  • Antigens: A
  • Antibodies: B
  • Can receive: A, O
  • Can donate to: A, AB
• Type B:
  • Antigens: B
  • Antibodies: A
  • Can receive: B, O
  • Can donate to: B, AB
• Type AB:
  • Antigens: A and B
  • No antibodies
  • Universal recipient
  • Can only donate to: AB
• Type O:
  • No antigens
  • Antibodies: A and B
  • Universal donor
  • Can only receive from: O

Rh Factor Considerations

• Positive:
  • Can receive both positive and negative blood.
• Negative:
  • Can only receive Rh negative blood.

Blood Transfusion Example

• Patient with A Positive:
  • Can receive A positive, A negative, O positive, O negative.
• Patient with A Negative:
  • Can receive A negative, O negative.

Conclusion

• Importance of understanding blood type compatibility.
• Encourage taking the free quiz and subscribing for more educational videos.