Overview
This lecture explores the mythological figure of Lilith, her origins, evolution across cultures, and her significance in religious texts and modern interpretations.
Lilith in Genesis and Early Legends
- Some legends claim Lilith was Adam’s first wife, created before Eve from the same earth as Adam.
- Genesis 1 describes male and female created together; Genesis 2 narrates Eve’s creation from Adam’s rib.
- The discrepancy between these accounts led to Lilith’s legend as Adam’s equal who rebels and leaves Eden.
Origins in Ancient Cultures
- The figure of Lilith traces back over 5,000 years to Sumerian myths of wind and storm demons called lilu.
- Early references like "Inana and the Huluppu Tree" depict Lilith as a nuisance, not a demon.
Lilith in Jewish Texts
- Isaiah 34:14 references Lilith as a “night creature” or “screech owl,” reflecting translation ambiguities.
- The Dead Sea Scrolls mention Lilith among evil spirits causing chaos.
- The Babylonian Talmud depicts Lilith as a night demon who threatens men and newborns.
Medieval and Mystical Interpretations
- The Alphabet of Ben Sira (700-1000 CE) presents Lilith as Adam’s rebellious first wife, who leaves Eden and becomes a demon.
- Protective amulets featuring angels’ names were believed to thwart Lilith’s harm to infants.
- Kabbalistic texts like the Zohar depict Lilith as Satan’s wife and an embodiment of chaotic feminine energy.
Lilith’s Symbolism and Modern Reinterpretations
- Lilith became associated with owls, reinforcing her connection to night and the supernatural.
- In modern culture, Lilith is seen as a symbol of female empowerment and independence.
- Her legend has evolved from ancient demon to feminist icon, reflecting shifting societal values.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Lilith — A mythological figure, sometimes considered Adam’s first wife, later viewed as a demon or symbol of independence.
- Genesis — The first book of the Bible with two different creation stories.
- Alphabet of Ben Sira — Medieval Jewish text depicting Lilith as Adam's first wife and a demon.
- Zohar — Foundational Kabbalistic text assigning mystical attributes to Lilith.
- Lilu — Sumerian class of wind and storm demons linked to Lilith’s origins.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Review biblical passages: Genesis 1, Genesis 2, and Isaiah 34:14.
- Read summaries of the Alphabet of Ben Sira and the Zohar for further understanding of Lilith’s myth.
- Reflect on how myths evolve and influence modern culture.