Notes on Cuba and the U.S. Involvement in the Late 1800s

Introduction

• Cuba is located 90 miles from the United States.
• It was a Spanish colony since 1492.

Economic Background

• Cuba exported sugar, fruit, and tobacco.
• By 1880, American investors had invested millions in Cuba.

Independence Movements

• There was a long history of independence movements in Cuba.
• By 1880, the Cuban Insurrection became a crisis for the Spanish government.

The USS Maine Incident

• Date: January 28, 1898
• The USS Maine entered Havana Harbor as a show of U.S. naval power.
• It was one of four advanced battleships in the U.S. fleet, symbolizing America's growing influence.
• President McKinley's Orders: Reasons for sending the Maine are debated:
  • Normal diplomatic relations with Spain.
  • Intended to support Cuban rebels and demoralize the Spanish.
  • Possible protection of American property from Spanish and rebels.

The Explosion of the USS Maine

• Date: February 15, 1898
• The Maine exploded, ripping apart the ship’s hull.
• Casualties: 266 Americans died due to the explosion, fire, or drowning.

Public Reaction

• Public outcry: Americans questioned who was responsible for sinking the Maine.
• Outcome: Three months later, the U.S. declared war on Spain.
• Invasion of Cuba: Began in late June 1898.