in this video I'm going to continue with the gross anatomy the gross anatomy of the kidney these are the structures that we can see with the unaided eye and when we consider the kidney we know that this right kidney happens to be a little bit lower than this left kidney and the kidneys give the ureters and the ureters enter into the urinary bladder and they do so from the posterior aspect and when they enter into this urinary bladder that leads to the urethra well they're going to enter on that posterior aspect at the edges of what's called the Trigon this triangular area that has a slightly different epithelium than the rest of the urinary bladder and all these structures taken together the kidney the ureters and the urinary bladder with these the width the urethra make up the urinary system in the male we call that the urogenital or it's part of the urogenital system in the female this is just the urinary system but if we look closer at this area of the kidney we're going to see some special structures that make the kidney really the star of the show and so let me reconstruct this kidney a little bit here we have kind of this edge of the renal pelvis and a ureter and we have into the cortex of this kidney making up this area so out here would be kind of the rest of the kidney and through here would be that renal pelvis with ureter draining the kidney okay and we see this spotted region out here in what's known as the cortex or the outer part the shell of the kidney and these are very important structures they're known as the glomerulus but we just see a little hint of them in this speckled nature of the cortex we also have a medulla so we can basically divide the kidney into two sections we have the outer cortex of the kidney and the inner medulla the medulla is the deeper portion of an organ and that cortex is that outer portion now within the medulla we're going to have these things called medullary pyramids or the pyramids and the pyramids appear kind of like candy corns that candy that's handed out on usually Halloween I think a candy corn goes like white yellow and orange or some sort of order with those three colors but in the kidney these are going to have lines along with they're kind of shaded character where it goes from kind of light to a little different color to another color yet okay these are what we can see with the unaided eyes of what are called collecting ducts we can see a hint of these collecting ducts in the renal pyramid that gives them this shape now what happens is these capillaries feed into a tubular network that then drain into these collecting ducts and the collecting ducts collect filtrate and then there's some smooth muscle down here in the end of these medullary pyramids that squeeze that fluid into what's known as a renal papilla or a little nipple here and from the end of that renal papilla arises our first drop of urine that forms from the filtrate our first drop of urine now we need to collect this urine and what it gets collected in is the structure called the minor calyx and the minor calyx is like a funnel that's going to capture that urine so here's another minor calyx and another minor calyx they can collect this yearnin now the minor calyx or calluses combine to form a major calluses again the minor calyce's form together to form a major calluses and these major calluses are going to come together we've got to remember that this kidney is three-dimensional so we have ones coming from this direction we have ones coming from the paper in this direction one's from up here coming down in this direction but these major calluses all collect here's one more coming from within the paper into what's known as a renal pelvis there's one more coming in and so where we get multiple major kayla sees coming together we have the renal pelvis here we have major calluses and here I have a minor calyx all right a little bit about the blood flow into the kidney and the drainage from the kidney now we know that the aorta is coming down like so and it gives the paired renal arteries which go anterior side renal pelvis we also know that there's an inferior vena cava over on this side that's collecting that long left renal vein and the short right renal vein into the inferior vena cava they were okay finish this off okay the renal artery that comes in is going to divide into these low bar arteries and low bar arteries can further divided into segmental arteries and those arteries can divide into inter low bar arteries they go up what are known as the renal columns this area between the renal pelvis or start between the renal pyramids and as they ascend they're going to divide into what are known as arcuate arteries and then cortical radiate arteries that radiate into the cortex now when these come in and we can't see this here except for these little tiny specks when these little cortical radiate arteries come in what we're seeing is we see them feed these little capillary beds these little Tufts of capillary beds called glomeruli or on glomerulus a glomerulus it's a little tuft of capillaries and that's what gives the Spotted appearance of the cortex these little Tufts of capillaries now at the efferent and that these capillary beds because these capillary beds are gonna flow somewhere are an efferent arteriole these are too small to see with the unaided eyes so they're really not part of the growth structure but from those we've feed into two types of veins either these peritubular around the tubular capillary networks that just kind of stay up here around renal tubules or they can feed into something called a vaso recta and the erecta dives deep down into let me do this one down into the top so let me do it from here peritubular capillaries that form a big is erecta a straight thing they comes down and then reassess before returning into a straight thing RIA sending before it returns into a straight vein and we have those basically cortical radiate veins that flew into an arguably that flow into lobar veins surprisingly there's no segmental things just the lobar veins that form into that renal vein okay so we have the cortex of the kidney we have all of this that encompasses the medulla we have renal columns and we have renal pyramids we have the minor calyce's the drain into major calluses all those major calluses come together at the renal pelvis the renal pelvis feeds into the ureter and the ureter fills the urinary bladder and then when we're ready to get rid of that urine it goes through the urethra and that's how we excrete waste now the arteries go a [Music] renal artery to a low bar artery to a segmental artery to argue it arteries to cortical radiant arteries that flow into that capillary bed the glomerulus which is really the capillaries into that will marry us now from the glomerulus from that little mare ulis we flow into a peritubular capillaries or veins or and/or Beza recta straight things into cortical radiate veins cortical radiate veins and we just reverse the order of the arteries to arcuate veins no segmental veins though we go right to lobar veins to that renal vein and I'm out of space right back those are all the gross structures we can see in the kidney in our last video on the anatomy we're going to look closely at this glomerulus and the tubular network of the kidney