Antacids Overview Lecture

Jul 26, 2024

Antacids Lecture

Introduction

  • Antacids: Medications that neutralize stomach acid
  • Uses: Treat conditions like ulcers and GERD

Overview

  • Antacids: Basic compounds, prefix ant- means against, acid means acid → opposite of acid.

Common Antacids and Their Symbols

1. Calcium Carbonate

  • Symbol: Root beer float with calcium-filled ice cream
    • Mnemonic: Root beer = Carbonate, Ice cream = Calcium
  • Brand Name: Tums

2. Magnesium Hydroxide

  • Symbol: Hydraulic arm with magnet (magnesium)
    • Mnemonic: Magnet = Magnesium, Hydraulic = Hydroxide
  • Common Name: Milk of Magnesia

3. Aluminum Hydroxide

  • Symbol: Hydraulic arm made of aluminum foil
    • Mnemonic: Aluminum foil = Aluminum, Hydraulic = Hydroxide
  • Special Use: Best for patients in renal failure (easier for kidneys to excrete)

4. Sodium Bicarbonate

  • Symbol: Baking soda box
  • Common Name: Baking Soda

Clinical Uses

GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)

  • Symbol: Flask full of acid bubbling up = upper GI tract
  • Explanation: Treats GERD by neutralizing stomach acid

GI Ulcers

  • Symbol: Hole in the boy’s shirt (belly)
  • Explanation: Used to treat and prevent GI ulcers by neutralizing stomach acid

Side Effects

Constipation

  • Related Drugs: Aluminum Hydroxide, Calcium Carbonate
  • Symbol: Blocked chocolate bottle (aluminum hydraulic arm)

Diarrhea

  • Related Drug: Magnesium Hydroxide
  • Symbol: Leaking brown oil (magnesium hydraulic arm)
  • Additional Use: Laxative

Fluid Retention

  • Related Drug: Sodium Bicarbonate
  • Symbols:
    • Extra water bottles (fluid retention)
    • Bag of salt (high sodium levels)
  • Concern: Avoid in patients with hypertension/fluid overload (can worsen condition)

Recap

  • Antacids include calcium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, and sodium bicarbonate.
  • Main use: Neutralize stomach acid
  • Treatments:
    • GI ulcers
    • GERD
  • Side Effects:
    • Constipation: Calcium Carbonate, Aluminum Hydroxide
    • Diarrhea: Magnesium Hydroxide
    • Fluid retention: Sodium Bicarbonate

Conclusion: Understanding these antacids, their uses, symbols, and side effects can aid in better memorization and application.