e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e here all right could we have Miss MCC please [Music] and I'll remind you you're still under roath all right Mr L whenever you're ready than uh now miss m um if I could take you back just to uh a little bit from where we had left off um when you arrived at The Residence at 34 Fair Road uh you pulled into the driveway is that correct I believe so and obviously on that date you were familiar with the types of vehicles that your parents drove yes and did you see any of your parents vehicles at the home when you pulled them inart from the driveway no and when you got to the house at any point uh did you exit the car or go inside the house no uh so you texted him that you were there you stayed in the car and he came up yes and when uh Colin came out to the car um what if any observations did you make of him uh in regard to his sobriety as far as uh what have any observations did you make respect to that normal didn't seem overly intoxicated to you no and um as far as his face or features or from whatever you could see what kind injuries Did You observe on call when he came up none and how would you describe his uh demeanor when he came out and he got into normal now during the course uh you drove from the Fairview home to Colin's house is that right yes and uh where was Colin living at that point um I don't know the address but um his new house not the old not the one where he neighbors with John the newer host and uh if you could just generally speaking where was that to the town what was it um it's in the center of town close to the library and do you recall or do you know what type of residence that is um yes it's like the condos I'm not sure exactly but yeah tow houses as far as your drive from the residents and Fair View to Colin's house um did you make any stops along the way no about how long a drive is it from Fairview to new 7 minutes 5 minutes and when you arve there um what did You observe calling um got of the car went went inside got the key locked it went inside and is that something as far as did you wait for him to get inside yes and why was it um I always wait for him because it's like how he he has to get open the first store to get inside so I usually just wait for everyone to get inside and during the car arrived from Fairview to uh Colin's house do you recall anything specific about did you have a conversation with him probably I don't remember what we were talking about and then following that where did you go um I believe home and when you got home were either of your your parents home at that point no you know about what time it was that you got not exactly I would estimate a little bit before 12:30 around that time and at any point in time over the rest of the course of that evening did you um see your parents did you talk to your parents or anything like that um I know I talked to my dad on the phone when we found the dog other than that now and so after your return home when you went to bed or you went to to sleep were your parents home at that point no about how much time was it between the time when you not home 12:30 or so and when you went to sleep not long I I don't know now turning your attention to the following day at some point you woke up correct yes and were your parents on the that yes and were both of your parents home at that one yes did you know about what time it was that you woke up next no I do not now Mr M at some point um in August of 2023 did you have occasion to meet with uh some troopers from the state police um yes believe I'm not sure what time but on on a zoom and was that one Trooper or more than one Trooper or something I believe two I'm not sure do you recall any of the names of any of those Troopers um Yuri maybe was of them I'm not sure now ma'am following that meeting that you had with tro from State Police what if anything did you provide to them from your phone um text messages with Colin maybe pictures I don't know defin definitely the text messages and before we get that just as far as uh your phone what kind of phone did you have at that time um I believe an i iPhone 14 pro Max maybe I should have been more specific as far as the time but the iPhone you're talking about as far as the max was that in January of 2022 or in SE August of 2022 that was in August and between January of 2022 and August of 203 um did you have the same phone throughout that time period I'm not sure I believe I upgraded um yeah and when you upgraded your phone what if any uh data sort of carried over from the old phone to the new phone if you um everything uh so as far as chats or or text messages or phone contacts things like that all of that transfer from one phone to the new phone correct and you're on a may approach yes and so first me I'm going to show you a two page sh okay and do you recognize that ma'am yes and what do you recognize that um this is from my phone my text messages and the second page what is that um colins contact information are those screenshots that you took from your phone and Prov it to the Troopers in August of 2023 M yes yes yes may I approach yes okay come on up and bring that e e e e step out for just a few minutes please [Music] exit the please be seated i' exced for one second just to pick up something okay if you could just briefly explain to the witness what's occurring yes I just need Miss dianetti back sorry okay so thank you and the next two if they would be not separately please thank you the lawyers are going to get to ask you a few questions now before we go any further in front of the jury okay okay so um Mr L you can take the exhibits back and you can question this witness and then miss anetti can cross-examine may I approach with yes so is with reference to the uh two screenshots uh that we were just talking about before the jury left the room um those are screenshots that you took from your own phone correct correct and uh as far as the communications uh contained therein um is it your memory that those are Communications that you had with Colin Al why don't you ask her what they are non-leaded those screenshots as far as the communications what are they when were they done um at a later date is that what you're asking sorry so I'm asking as far as the actual content of the conversations when did those conversations um January 28th and uh you were a participant in those conversations yes and um as far as the content of those conversations is if your memory the content reflected there is accurate as to what the content of the conversations were between yourself and Colin Albert the evening of the 28th end of the 2 yes and uh Colin Albert was somebody that you were familiar with correct yes and Beyond what's contained within these screenshots you would have other text Communications with Colin Albert using the same contact information correct and how is it that you uh knew or were aware that the person the contct that you were talking to uh was calling out cuz it's his phone with reference to that contact uh you had in your phone for calling out had you called that number before yes when you called the number who answered Colin and when you were texted um calling on fire occasions using that contact information uh did you have any you have a text communication did you have any um subsequent conversation in relation to the content of those text Communications sorry can you rephrase that and I'm not just asking specifically about what I'm saying is you have a contact information in your phone for calling out yes and on any of those prior occasions when you had texted that contact information uh you put in as Callin Albert into your phone and just to be clear you were the one who input that number as Callin Albert into your phone yes and so on this or any prior occasions when you had contacted via text that contact of Colin Albert in your phone following those text Communications did you have any conversation with Colin Albert related to the content of those sorry I'm confused do you understand the question you have to make these simpler let's try and get through this fora Mr the at some point during the course of of your how long you cins uh contact information in your for a while years and over the course of those years um had you had conversations related to content in text in person oh yes and as far as the content that you had texted to that number you Associated or inputed Colin Albert was Colin Albert aware of the the content of those text Communications oh correct yeah and uh Within specific uh screenshot of the text Communications from that evening as far as your recollection of of uh that particular evening are the times that are associated with those accurate as to as far as your memory yes and did you do anything to alter the times that are associated with those uh text Communications prior to taking a screenshot and giving it to the state no um now turning to the other two uh screenshots if you took those were photographs correct um did I take them I'm just asking what they are oh um picture of both pictures of Colin one's with my aunt um the other's just him and some other people blocked off and do you know when and where those were um yes they were taken at the Albert's house um one of their sons were coming home um from the Marines so was like a welcome home party and when was that in relation to the evening of January 28th 29th a few weeks after and sort of coming home celebration for your cousin who was coming home from the Marines were you there for that yes and so as far as your um observation of those photographs is what's depicted of PA and Albert is that a fair and accurate betrayal of what he looks like on February 11 yes I all right Miss tetti thank afternoon good afternoon how long have you had an iPhone I'm not talking about your current iPhone but just iPhones in general um for years uh more than five years yes and how old are you now I'm 20 20 and when did you get your first iPhone if you remember I don't remember 12 13 yeah around middle schoolish maybe seven or eight years is that a decent estimate yes uh and in those seven or eight years you have learned how to operate an iPhone the very ious features that they have and the apps that you can download and use correct correct and your current iPhone has a number of apps on it correct correct uh with regard to the text message app um you'll agree with me that that is a green uh icon with a white um sort of speech bubble in the middle of it yes I believe and you know that when you click on that it gives you a list of the text M messages uh that you're exchanging with people the various threads correct correct you know that if you click on a thread it opens up the individual text messages that you've sent and received to that particular person correct correct and you know that if you take your finger or your thumb and you hold it on one particular uh text that's either sent to you or from you um you can do things with that individual text correct correct you can for it to somebody else right correct I believe in the context of a conversation you can just reply to that one particular text message right correct and if you uh do that rather than hit the arrow button where you forward or reply on the left side of the screen there's a trash can correct I'm not sure um you know that you can delete a text from a thread correct correct all right uh and it's a trash can that you click on right correct I'm not trying to trick no no I was confused sorry I don't mean to confuse you um so you know that uh if you click on the trash can it gives you an option to either cancel or to delete the message correct correct and what happens if you delete the message um it's deleted off the phone okay so it's gone from that threat correct correct and somebody looking at a scen screenshot that you take after you've deleted that message it wouldn't be evident that that message was ever there correct correct now uh you testified uh at a hearing in Boston on August 3rd of 2023 correct correct um that was uh and we're not with a jury present that was a federal grand jury correct correct and uh you had by that point by August of 2023 you no longer had the phone that you originally had on January 29th of 22 correct yes I believe so um you had gotten a new phone in December of 2022 correct okay I'm not sure what time but does that yeah I got I got a new phone I believe I got a new phone right and and actually the timing is not that important just that it was before that grand jury appearance okay yes all right uh and what did you do with the old phone when you got the new phone um transfer through iCloud everything transfers over okay but I'm actually talking about the the hardware itself oh what did Ione sorry can you repeat the question yes I'm sorry uh not the data on the phone I understand that you you've testified that you transferred that to the new phone but the actual physical phone itself where did that go when you got the new phone I'm not sure uh would that have been traded in possibly you don't have it now correct I don't think no um and as of August of 2023 you didn't have it either correct correct um is it fair to say that no investigator from this case ever asked you for that phone that you had on January 29th correct so miss dianetti can we just focus on the Vere all that you're doing you you can cross-examine her with but on the Vere of this sure thank you sure I just like to get the jurors back in no I understand your honor I understand I was trying to lay a foundation but maybe it's not necessary sorry uh so um with regard to if you need to do it go ahead I'm just trying to I want to accommodate the um with with regard to the uh messages that are in a given thread right we've talked about the fact that you are aware that you can reply to them an individual message forward or delete one correct correct um you're also aware that it is possible to change the timestamp on any individual message correct no I'm not aware of that if you go to settings and you go to General and you go to date and time first of all you can change the time zone of the message do you have your iPhone with you right now not not on me not on not on you um and in addition to being able to change the time zone you actually can change the hour and minute to whatever you want it to be were you aware of that no with regard to photos uh on your phone um you are aware that you can change the date and time of any photo in your photo app correct nope there is a little when you go go to your iPhone there's a little I for information and all you need to do is or I think it's for info or information um all you need to do is click on that and you get a pop up from the bottom that gives you the CH the choice to alter the date and time did you know that no uh next next to that date and time is the word adjust and that's all you have to click on and you can change the time from from 1210 a.m. or you can change it from 12:40 a.m. to 1210 a.m. or you can change it from 1:45 to 1210 a.m. and it's that easy yep now I now I know I didn't know that I didn't do that I may have a moment okay that's okay so I'm going to allow this testimony and um your argument goes to the weight of the evidence not its admissibility but I did under Commonwealth versus trachy want to give you your V okay all right so let's bring the jurors back in yes p r d y before the jff come back in May I just retrieve the exhibits yes but I'd like to see council at SAR while they come e Hunter I think we should sit [Music] sorry for course back in session please be seated I apologize profusely I just need one more minute I'm so sorry e e and Mr L I have an instruction to give if you're going to put in that screenshot yes okay um jurors before remember I I've told you this before before you consider any electronic Communication in your deliberations you must find first that it is more likely true than not that the person who authored or sent um the communication was in fact either um Colin Albert or um Miss Ali McCabe um if you do not find that it's more likely to the not that Miss McCabe or Mr Albert was the person who authored or created or transmitted uh the electronic communication then you cannot consider that communication in your deliberations so with that Mr L thank you and your honor uh the first two pages uh that's been marked AA Tom that seek to introduce and admit as the next exhibit okay those may be admitted our and your on I may just approach to return it to the witness sure thank you now miss McCay with reference uh to before we get into that um you had an iPhone at the time of January 26 was that correct correct and with respect to um your friend Colin Alberts um as far as his contact information within your phone who entered that in your phone um I did and uh prior to that date of January 28th into of the 29th 2022 had you had uh phone conversations where you would sort of press the button to call that number and it ran correct correct and who if anyone answered the phone when you contacted that phone uh that phone number in your Colin now with reference uh to um calling and and the contact on your phone had you had uh prior text Communications uh with Colin using that contact that you put in correct and outside of those uh text Communications that you had um did you have sort of physical in-person conversations with in regard to content that was within text messages you have with that content yes I assume so and specifically on that date of uh January 28th and the 29th when you arrived at the home on Fairview Road you texted Colin that you were there um yes and after you texted him that what have anything happened after that um he responded saying okay and then um he came out to the car and your honor if I may uh with the question just uh publish uh the tech communication uh to the jury on the screen yes I'm sorry M Gilman if you could fold down now what's up on the screen Mr cave is that what you have before you as as the exhibit yes and looking at there's sort of one side as text and blue bubble is that correct yes and if you know who is communicating with who as far as the the sort of plane text outside of um Colin and I is that what you're asking sorry what I'm asking is who's the blue bubble oh sorry I'm the blue bubble and he is the gray whitish bubble and um from sort of top of what's depicted on the screen um read the text that you received and the time that you reive yes um 11:54 and then I responded at 11:55 and what did say at 11 um you can get me now if easier and what is your resp okay I am driving people home now and what did resp to that and what time did he respond he responded word get me after and um following the get after what any respons you Prov KK okay and here and here that you texed what time that on screen 1210 a.m. and what if respond to he responded at the same time saying okay ret yes you need that thank yeah okay thank you um so the next uh two pages two separate pages um contain photographs is that correct yes and you recognize what's depicted in those photographs that I've just placed before you yes what do you recognize those to um it's Colin sorry well let me ask you more specifically so were these also screenshots that you provided to Troopers of the State Police in August of 202 yes I believe so what's in in regard to those two photographs uh do you know when and where those photographs were taken um they were taken February 11th um at the Alberts Nicole and Bryan's house objection no I'm I'm going to let her testify when they were taken and so February 11th of what year now um 2022 so a few weeks after January 28th 29th correct yes and were you present at the Albert's house on the evening of February 11th when they when they were taken yes and what was the purpose of yourself and or Colin or anybody being over the Albert's house on that day um one of Nicole and Brian's Sons were coming home for from their Marines so there was um like a welcome home party with family and friends and that is your your cousin Jack is that correct correct um and as far as what's contained in those photographs is that a fair and accurate betrayal as far as your memory of what Colin looked like uh on February 11 correct and your arm may approach again yes introduce and Adit as the next two we again subject to our discussion okay yes those are and then just returning those to you and first I would direct your attention to what's been now marked as adib2 f with course commission may yes if you could just enlarge that a bit do you recognize what's now up on the screen is what you have before you as exib 82 and if you could just describe the jury of what we're looking atot um call and my Auntie Coco a yes Nicole I direct and again what's up on the screen is that what you have before you as 83 yes this is the same evening is that correct correct you know where in the house um I believe it they call they call it their Library maybe it's the last it's the room in the back and as far as what's contain in this Photograph reference to your as as his face arms his is that fair betrayal what he looked like on February yes you I may approach one more time retrieve thank you thank you man I have no further questions okay see Edie thank you good afternoon good afternoon miss mcab you have known uh Colin Albert your whole life correct correct your mother is Jennifer mccab correct his mother is Julie Albert correct and her maiden name was Julie Daniels correct your mother Jennifer grew up together with his mother Julie correct correct uh you and Colin are extremely close correct yes in fact you would consider Colin Albert to be one of your best friends in the world correct yes he's one of my best friends now um you claim that you took a screenshot of a text conversation that you had with Colin Albert on January 29th of 2022 correct correct those were the screenshots that were just shown to this jury this afternoon correct correct uh and you claim that that uh the information on that screenshot actually existed on January 29th correct correct um did you tell your mother Jennifer mccab that you had that text conversation with Colin Albert anytime after January 29th of 2022 objection sustained did you give to your mother Jennifer McCade a screenshot of that text message conversation Jackson Mr stand um it's fair to say that on January 29th 30th 31st you did not turn over that screenshot to any law enforcement official correct of Jan of 2022 no I was never asked the in no investigator from this case ever asked you for copies or a copy of that screenshot of that text message uh conversation on January 29th 30th or 31st correct correct they also did not ask you for a copy of that screenshot through the whole month of February correct correct in fact all of 2022 no investigator ever approached you to say can I have a copy of that screenshot correct correct uh and in addition to that you never called an investigator to say hey I have a copy of a screenshot of a text message conversation that I had with Colin Albert correct no it wouldn't have been relevant at that time okay I believe because Colin was not at the house and wasn't introduced as being there until later so your uh testimony today that is that at no time in the year 2022 did you consider it relevant at all that you had this screenshot of this text conversation correct correct uh leaving that screenshot aside actually before I leave that topic um you didn't turn over that screenshot of a text message until sometime during the summer of 2023 correct correct about a year and a half or more after January 29th of 2022 correct yes when I was asked uh and by that time the summer of 2023 um you had already switched phones correct yes believe in other words the iPhone that you had on January 29th of 2022 you no longer had possession of that physical phone correct correct you had a new iPhone correct correct and you say that you transferred over the data from the old phone to the new phone correct correct when did you take that screenshot that was displayed to the jury today I don't remember was it before or after you got rid of your old phone I don't remember so we don't know if that screenshot was from your phone that you got in December of 2022 or if it was from the phone that you had back in January of 2022 correct correct that uh phone that you got in December of 2022 uh it's now may of 2024 do you still have that same phone the phone my old phone is that no the my question was I'm not I'm not trying to trick you in any way here um the phone that you got in December of 2022 the the new phone at that time is that the phone your current phone correct now before you uh got rid of the old phone and got the new one did any law enforcement official you know prior to that December of 2022 time period or investigator from this case ever ask to examine your physical phone itself no uh did they ever say to you we would like to do what's called an extraction on your phone no and you've never you never gave that phone at any point to any law enforcement official before you got rid of it correct correct and the first time that you mentioned that text conversation um outside your family was August 3rd of 2023 correct correct that was at a proceeding in Boston correct correct where neither Mr L or M or we Jack yeah move along Mr yes um that uh proceeding in August of 2023 was less than a year ago correct we're in May of 2024 correct and that was a long time after John O'Keefe was found dead on Brian Albert's lawn correct correct and that August of 2023 when you're revealing that text exchange that was over a year and a after January 29th of 2022 correct correct and leaving aside the the screenshot um as of August 3rd of 2023 no investigator from this case uh no State Police Trooper or anybody from the DA's office had ever interviewed you right prior to August of 202 3 um I talked to the troop state troopers but I don't know if that was before or after that was on August 25th of 2023 which is about 3 weeks after your testimony in the other proceeding does that refresh your memory yes then after and at that point in time on August 25th of 2023 you'll agree with me that you were not interviewed at a police station or a state police barracks correct correct or the da office correct correct you were interviewed by Zoom correct correct and you were not alone at that time in your in your home correct I'm not sure your mother Jennifer McCade was present correct okay and she was monitoring what was going on in that interview correct Jackson was that true do I I don't recall okay in any case that that too was over a year and a half after January 29 correct correct all right now i' I'd like to ask you some questions about by the way you've had uh an iPhone since you were 12 or 13 years old correct and you're now how old 20 so seven or eight years would be a good estimate as to how long you've worked with iPhones correct and obviously you know how an iPhone Works correct correct you know how to reply and comment on text messages this correct correct uh and you know that uh there's a a lot of tools open to you to to comment on text messages correct correct you can reply to a a text using an icon or an emoji right to like or dislike something that somebody else said correct you can laugh at it you can love it you can uh like it correct jaction right correct uh and it's they make it pretty easy right all you need to do is put your finger or your thumb on a specific message and and hold it down and options appear correct correct and that's where you get the thumbs up the thumbs down the haha exclamation points question mark Etc correct uh and um you also have other options uh which is down the bottom there's a kind of a curved Arrow where if you click on that you can fold the message or reply to a specific message correct correct and on the left there's a trash can right correct and if what happens when you click on the trash can um it will delete the message from your phone and it's your testimony that with regard to the screenshot that we saw there are no deleted messages in that conversation correct yes um however you would agree as you've already testified that if a message had been deleted from a screenshot we'd never know right true um you're also familiar with the uh apps that are on iPhones correct correct you have a number of apps on your iPhone right correct um there might be 12 or 15 I have in common 12 or 15 maybe on your home screen right correct and if you swipe to the left you get another new population of 12 and 15 correct not bad for an old guy um and uh you uh you use apps like Instagram correct Snapchat is a popular app correct uh and uh probably to your detriment but Life 360 correct right that's been an app in the mcade family for a number of years right correct yes and uh it's in your family anyway and probably a lot of families it's mainly used for the parents to keep track of their kids right correct and uh in order for Life 360 to work you have to have your location services on and somebody else has to have the app and is in the family correct connected to you correct and with regard to just going back to the the messages for a minute do you know the difference between an iMessage and a text message yes I believe one's blue and one's green okay uh the screenshots that we saw of your convers text conversation that you say that you had with Colin Albert um you were in blue right correct that means that Colin Albert also had an iPhone at the time correct correct now with regard to the time stamp on those messages uh the conversation about uh I'm here uh I believe you said gave the time 1210 a.m. correct correct um are you aware um how easy it is to change that time no are you aware that all you need to do is go from settings to General and then there's a date and time that you can alter Jackson are you aware of that no I didn't know that was a thing um you know that when you set up your iPhone you have to choose a time zone correct correct and you always choose the New York time zone because that's where Boston is Right correct um are you aware that if you go into settings General and then date and time you could change the time zone to wherever you're going I guess I didn't I once I set my phone up I have no reason to change the time see uh and in addition to changing the time zone you literally can choose any time that you want you could make 1:45 a.m. 1210 a.m. in about 3 seconds know that do you know that did you know that no um but but if if I'm not accusing you of this now but if you had changed the time on that from a screenshot we'd have no way of knowing correct I guess because what a screenshot ultimately come becomes is like a photo correct correct it's not like you can edit it right I mean the the most that you can do is what we saw on the other photo that was displayed which is kind of Crossing out with a magic marker somebody's space or a time right that would be how you'd have to alter it right correct now I have asked you if prior to getting rid of your old phone and getting the new one if law enforcement ever asked you to you know go through the phone themselves and you would said no right yes they did not do that and then they never asked to do an extraction on the old phone correct no um what about the new phone that you now have that you got in December um has have the state police ever asked to do um you know have they ever asked to look through that phone um they look no I don't think so um you uh provided uh the screenshot that was shown to the Jersey today uh on August 25th when you talk to the state police in this case right of 2023 correct and when you provided them that screenshot uh did they say hey by the way can I look at your phone to see if it's on there jackon I'll allow that did they say that to you um I don't remember but in any case you never physically showed them your phone right no you don't recall clicking on that text message app the G app with the kind of white speech bubble you didn't click on that then click on the Colin Albert conversation and say here it is did you no uh and uh in addition to not asking you to see your new phone they also did not ask you to do an extraction of your new phone correct correct um and at some point in time you realized that you'd have to be a witness in this case and have the um unfortunate uh of having to talk to me right Jackson I'm going to see councelor tyba for just a minute on this e okay and just to wrap this up to this day no extraction has been done on your phone correct correct now when you had that Zoom interview on August 25th you told the trooper that you drove colins straight to his house after you picked him up on January 29th and then you went straight home correct yes I believe um and you have previously testified back in August of 2023 that you you believe you dropped Colin Albert off at his home at around 12:15 1220 or so correct and when you left by the way you're very familiar with 34 Fairview right correct um that's family correct correct and over there many many many times correct correct and you're familiar with the neighborhood in terms of the streets that are around there right correct and you've lived in Canton your whole life yes when you were a baby you were in STO yes basically you're a Canton girl yes uh and can you tell the jury the roote that you took home from 34 Fairview or actually strike down the RO rout that you took to um Colin Albert's house when you left 34 Fairview on January 29th um I don't remember specifically but I would believe I drove up um Fair View then sorry I don't know the streets um if I suggested to you that the the street closest to 34 Fairview was cedarest and the one on the other side is Chapman does that refresh your memory yes so Chapman okay I gone up and gone to Chapman and then taking a right or a left I'm really bad with directions um when I got there I went to the center of town his house I don't I don't know specifically which way I'm trying to think of it I can't picture it yes um are you familiar with Washington Street in Canton yes would you have wound up on Washington Street yes all right um and you're aware that the Canton library is on the corner of Washington and Sherman Street does that make sense yes so you would have passed by the library yes all right now with regard to whether you went straight home did you uh By the way when you went home did you stay there yes I believe so in the rest of the night yes okay and what time do you say that you arrived at home I'm not sure um before around 12:30ish okay um with regard to life 36 uh would you agree with me that if you go on that app and you're trying to figure out where somebody in your family is there's like a and let's say you want to know if somebody's home there's like a a circle that is that surrounds your home correct yes so um once you enter that Circle you know that life 360 gives an alert that said you arrived at home even though you're physically not walking in the door you're within that Circle and that's the home Circle right yes um on January 29th of 2022 at 12:04 and 53 seconds you arrived within that home Circle correct correct and then at 12:06 and 55 seconds on January 29th you left that home Circle correct correct and then on January 29th of 2022 at 1223 and 14 seconds you completed a 7 Mile Drive where your top speed was 42 miles an hour does that make sense correct and then you left home uh on January 29th of 2022 at 12 12 23 and 14 seconds as well and what what that probably means uh reading between the lines is that you entered that home Circle but then you didn't go home you went through the home Circle and completed a seven mile drive somewhere right I guess I thought I went home I'm your okay I'm I'm sorry I didn't hear your answer um I believe I went home I was completing my drive out my house all right but at 12 26 a.m. on January 29th you left home again right Jackson your armor did you did you leave home I I don't know I don't remember okay all right uh and at 12:26 a.m. and 12 seconds you arrived at the Canton High School correct no uh at TW on January 29th of 2022 at 1226 and 55 seconds you completed a 1em drive where your top speed was 43 mil mil per hour right I don't believe so and then at 12:26 and 55 seconds on January 29th you left Canton High School and arrived at home on January 29th of 2022 at 1229 and 28 seconds correct I do not know and then after arriving home again on January 29th of 2022 at 1229 29 seconds you completed a 12 mile drive on January 29th of 2022 at 1231 and 22 seconds did you not no and then you left home on January 29th of 2022 at 108 and 15 seconds right I don't believe so and ultimately you went through the home bubble and and the Canton High School bubble and you arrived at Canton High School at on January 29th of 2022 at 1:28 in the morning in 8 seconds can I see what you're referring to sure I approach yes you probably don't need these right no I'm God okay and to make it easy I mean you can read the whole thing but uh where it says record 16 is what I just asked you about but feel free to read the whole thing thank you and if you would read it silently to yourself and look up at me when you're done oh I'm sorry do I that sorry may I question yes um did that help refresh your memory on where you were that night no do you still dispute that you went straight home and didn't leave there jaction sustained and finally we just I had just asked you about arriving at Canton High School on January 29th of 2022 at8 and8 seconds uh you arrived at home within that home bubble on January 29th at 2022 at 1:30 in the morning and 26 seconds correct what time did it say I arrived at high school 1:30 in the morning and 26 seconds and what time did it say I arrived at High School uh the high school was 128 and 8 seconds it wouldn't have taken me 2 minutes to go from the high school to my house I'm confused regard to the the high school was also one of the bubbles one of the areas where you could be right no I yes okay um did you say that on Life 360 um the Canton High School is not one of the areas that you're tracked in what do you what do you mean so do you remember we were talking earlier about oh like put in a location like that like you know if your mother's looking for you where are you you know you're at DNA Pizza you're at high school you're at you know home right I mean there those could be categories correct you've agreed that home was one of the categories correct um and having reviewed that the Canton High School is also one of the categories correct I believe so all right and on January 29th of 2022 the last entry is that you completed a 12 mile drive on January 29th of 2022 at 1:32 in the morning and 23 seconds and that's the end of the activity do you agree with me that that's when you finally stopped that night I don't recall I may have a moment yes thank you all right Mr L thank now m m um with regard to um did you get rid of your prior iPhone or did you upgrade your iPhone upgrade and that would have been in December of 2022 is that correct yes I believe so was it sometime around Christmas yeah probably and that could have been a present as far as getting a new iPhone or upgr upgrading your iPhone yes now as far as any of the information that you were shown as far as the screenshot did you in any way shape or form or delete any of the content within that text message from January 28th into 29th of with call no and um with reference to changing uh times or time zones or anything on text messages uh before Mr unti asked me any of those questions were you aware of any of those things as things that you could do with your phone no with regard to life uh 360 um what kind knowledge do you have as far as the accuracy of of sort of the stamps that are contained within that app well I'm not sure but on the photo he showed me it says like turn Wi-Fi on so that like remind Ali to turn Wi-Fi on so that could have affected the accuracy and that was on literally every single one of the alerts that was on that page that he showed you every single one now kanton High School do you know what street that's on Washington Street I believe and yeah about how far a ride is from Ken High School to uh your house um seven eight minutes 10 I'm not sure you were in the bubble uh Ken high school at 1:28 in the morning could you have possibly been in the bubble of your home at 1:30 in the morning no unless you were going 9 miles an hour in a snowstorm no now you were asked some questions uh about that time frame of August of 2023 uh when you were asked and you uh turned over so screenshots to troopers from the state police correct correct you were asked about previous times um indicating that uh you weren't asked uh and it wasn't relevant correct correct now you know why you were asked in August of 2023 versus any prior time period um because Colin Albert wasn't in the house and then it was brought up here that it was he was and brought up where um by the defense and around that time of August 2023 I believe so yes and with reference to uh relevancy is that what you were talking about correct and what if anything else uh has are you you're close friends with Colin Albert is that correct correct what if anything else has uh you your family or Colin Albert and his family undergone over the course of pency of this case no that the door's been opened I'm allowing it um well basically harassment harassment by um bloggers people online and uh what if anything in relation to Colin Albert being in the house has has occurred as far as the harassment that you're talking about um can you rephrase um with reference to what you were talking about as far as the relevancy of Colin Albert being in the house at that time um what if any harassment was there in relation to that and in relation to col well no go ahead she can answer Colin wasn't at the house so he's being harassed for he was not at the house when John was there so I drove him home so he's the people are harassing him saying he was at the house when it's not true can you speak about harassment what what specifically typ of harass um phone call constant phone calls emails messages I'll allow it focus on this witness not call on Albert his as far as uh you and and your family what if any type of harassment have you received um people showing up at our house um people emailing my school um just take a lot of harassment can I moment sure okay I'm sorry I have something thank you and how long period of time has that persisted for very long time thank you I have I have all right Miss MC you all set your next witness Mr L yes call multiple call Colin Albert to the stand you the the court and juring the case down he the truth the whole truth and nothing but the truth so help you whenever you're ready Mr L thank you uh good afternoon sir how are you could you uh please state your name and spell your last name for Colin Albert a ob B RT and uh where do you live sir Canton Mass and uh how long have you lived in C my whole life and and uh who if anyone do you live in Cy with I live with my mother my father and my two brothers and uh your mother and your father uh what are their names Julie and Chris Albert and uh your brothers uh what are their names uh Chris and Dylan Albert and um as far as within the the age of you and your two brothers where do you fall in now I am the middle child and how old are you sir I'm 20 years old and uh do you work do you go to school I go to school at Bridgewater State and what year are you in I am going into my junior year now sir if I could turn your attention to uh January 28th into January 29th 2022 recall those days uh yes you recall what days of the week they were um I do not do you call whether it was weekday weekend weekend and turning your attention to uh the evening of January 28th U you recall where you went that night yes I do and just be clear around that time uh were you in college were you in high school what grade were you in I was a senior in high school so end of January you would have been about four months away or so from graduation correct yes sir and um on that evening uh where did at at some point did you leave your home and go out yes I did and do you recall about what time it was that you went out I do not remember uh do you recall whether it was light or dark when you went out it was dark and uh where did you upon leaving your house uh where did you go I went to one of my buddy's houses and uh that buddy what was this Mike and where does Mike live in relation to you can you rephrase that uh does Mike live in Canton as well yes he does about how far is it from your house to Mike about like seven eight minutes and when you got to Mike's house uh was it just you and Mike or if anyone else was there um I do not remember who was there was there more than just the two of you yes and generally speaking when you got to Mike's house what is it that you did when you done I do not remember now as far as how you got from your house to Mike's house do you recall how you got there no I do not remember let me ask you this did you walk did you drive did you get a ride I got a ride you recall who you got a ride from no and um when you uh do you recall let me ask you this as far as um that particular night that you went out um did you drink any alcohol beverages while you were yes and uh did you drink any of those at Mike house yes and uh do you recall generally what you were drinking that night Bud Light and uh when you were at Mike's house on that particular evening did you recall about how long you were there for a few hours and you recall how much you had to drink while you were at M house I do not remember and so in reference to you going out and going over Mike's house and having some beers over there is that why you didn't drive yes um so you got a ride from someone over to Mike's house you spent some hours there and then do you recall where you went from there I went to my uncle's house and um fair to say you have a relatively large extended family within Kon is that correct yes and so when you say you went to your uncle's house which uncle's house did you go to my Uncle Brian and that would be same last name as yourself so Brian Albert yes and how is he your uncle sort of how is he related he is my father's brother and why did you go to your uncle's house it was my cousin Brian's birthday so I went over to celebrate for a little bit with him and so that would be Brian Albert Jr is that right sir and you know how old your cousin Brian Albert Jr was turning on that night I do not know um when uh do you recall how you got from Mike's house to your uncle's house I believe Ali mck and uh do you know the address as far as your uncle's house 34 Fairview Road is that somewhere your family's house is that somewhere that you had been before yes and so your memory is that Ali mccave gave you a ride from Mike's house to the house on Fairview from what I remember yes now Ali mccab as far as who is that to you or or what if any kind of relationship you have with Ali M it is my cousin's cousin so not technically my cousin but we're close and like we do family events and stuff like that together and you and and miss m are you in the same grade yes um and how long have you known each my whole entire life um so not blood related but someone that you see at family events yes um and someone that was in the same grade and went to the same school as you correct and that school what which school did you go to at that Canton High School and do you recall about what time it was that you arrived at the house on between 10:30 and 11: at night and uh did you have at that time um any kind of curfew or time that you had to be home uh from from your parents usually around like right around before midnight and so was it like a hard fast like 12:00 if you're not here you're grounded or was it sort of around that time just around just around midnight and so after when when you arrive there you go into the house is that right yes and the house uh at 34 Fairview has a couple of different ways to get in the house in the front is that correct correct and do you recall which way that you went in that that evening um the side door near the garage and when you come into the house uh where did you go with in the house um what what room did you go into uh the living room and then from the living room where else did you go within like the kitchen area and within the kitchen area of the house who if anyone else was present in the kitchen um from what I remember my cousin Brian um Emily Fabiano Sarah levenson and Katherine Duty from what I remember that night um is it possible there were other people there did you just call yes and where were they situated uh sort of in the kitchen dining room area like sitting around the uh kitchen table I would say now after you arrived there um well when you arrived there what what is it that they were were doing when you walk just listening to music and having a couple of drinks and um you come in you greet people is that correct yes now the other people that you talked about as far as Beyond are your cousin Brian Al Jor um did you know those other people I knew of them I wasn't friends with them or anything fair to say they were older than you were is that correct correct so like Miss levenson would have been older than you uh by at least a few years at that point yes and same with reference to I believe you said Miss Fabiano and Miss Judy is that correct correct now when you arrive at the house uh did you have any other drinks once you got there yes and you recall what if anything you drank once you got there Bud Light the same as you were having before correct you know how many that you had while you were at 34 fair I do not remember and over the course of the evening whether it was at Mike's house in between or when you got to 34 Fairview um we you feel yourself as far as like overly intoxicated or drunk or anything like that no And as far as the other people that you observed at the house that night uh does anybody stick out to you as being overx ated or or fall down drunk or anything like that no now with reference to when you came into the house you mention music playing um what how would you describe sort of the the general mood within the house was happy it was yeah now as far as that area where you first observed uh the people around the table in the kitchen dining room area when you came in um did you ever see anybody else go anywhere else in the house not that I remember did you yourself go anywhere else in house no at any point in time in the evening while you were there did you go upstairs or downstairs in the basement or out in the backyard or anywhere else besides the kitchen dining room area no you on maybe the restroom at some point yeah other than that no and about how long were you uh at uh your uncle's house that nights to celebrate your cousin's birth probably around like an hour and a half and and uh so about what time would it have been that you left 1210 and um with respect to you're leaving the house um who if anyone did you contact uh to to facilitate can rephrase let me ask it in a much easier better way okay um as far as your plans were concerned as far as leaving the house who if anyone did you reach out to to to get a ride from my friend Ali mcap um and uh how did you reach out to her I texted her and do you recall whether or not you had any sort of other communication well let me step back and ask it this way at that point in time um in January of 2022 uh you had Miss McCabe's information say there's a contact in your phone is that correct correct and on prior occasions had you had a chance to you know call that number from your cell phone that you had programmed in as Ali correct and when you call that number who if anyone answered the call Ali now with respect to uh text Communications have you had text Communications with that contact in your phone as Ali M prior to uh that date of January 28th yes and when you had those conversations did you then also have subsequent sort of in-person uh conversations with Ali mccave as well yes and during those in-person conversations was there any reference or anything talked about content that had been previously sent and communicated via text no let me ask it in a in a so you would have text Communications with the person you put in as a contact as Alan correct yes and then subsequent to having those text Communications you would then speak to her either in person or over the phone correct objection um the objection sustain watch the for ofie questions following those uh text Communications with the person that you had input in your phone uh what if any verbal conversations would you have in reference to the content of the text I'm not sure what you're asking by that did you talk to her in person about something you had talked to her about intense no now with reference um on that specific date of January 28th um had you was text Communications the only means by which you communicated with Ali from what I remember yeah and were there other means by which you would typically communicate with her if she wasn't answer a text I'd give her a call yeah and were there apps or anything like that on your phone that you would communicate with her as well Snapchat sometimes now with respect to Snapchat and um your family specifically your cousins um what if any sort of uh group Snapchat uh changed were there with respect to your family yes and specifically who were those sort of group Snapchat chains who was included within um I had a I have a Snapchat Group C uh Snapchat group chat with my cousins and you have cousins on basically your father's side and your mother's side correct not on my mother's side no you have no cousins on your mother's side no and with respect to uh the cousins on your father's side would it be all of your cousins that were included within that not all of them no and so who of your cousins would be included on those kind of group Snapchat Cham um my older brother Chris my younger brother Dylan um my cousin Kevin Brian Brendan Caitlyn Kayla and I believe that is it and if you recall was there any communication on that group Snapchat chain in regard to Brian Jr's birthday on that date of January 28 to 29th no not that I remember now with respect um do so you reach out to miss MC via text is that correct yes and she agrees to pick you up yes and at some point um are you made aware that she's at the home yes and how is it that she makes you aware that she's at the home I got a text message from her that says I'm here and at any point in time while you were in the home did uh did Miss mccab come inside the home no and so after you received that text message from Miss mccave did you respond yes and what you respond come in and from that communication after you sent that about how long was it between the time that you sent that and the time that you came out between 30 seconds and a minute I'd say and when you came out of the house uh um do you recall which door you came out at that point the side door next to the garage and when you came out that door who if anyone did you encounter as you were coming out um as I was walking out I saw my uncle Brown and my Aunt Nicole and you were going out and what were they doing they were coming in and in addition to your Uncle Brian and your Aunt Nicole was there anybody else that you recall that was with them when they came into the house no not that I remember and um what if any exchange did you have with your uncle and your aunt as you were going out and they were coming I just said um I'm going home my mom wants me home I love you guys bye and uh you then went outside of the house is that correct correct and did you see Miss MC outside yes and where was she in Rel where was her vehicle in relation to the house in the driveway now do you recall what type of vehicle Miss mccab was driving on that particular night or had at that time I believe it was the blue Ford that they had and was that a sedan was that an SUV what type of vehicles a sedan um and so you come out that's in the driveway correct correct recall whether or not it was parked on the left side or the right side of the driveway I do not remember and you get into the get into the vehicle which part of the vehicle did you get into that I do not remember um front seat passenger side does that sound right could have been that yeah you recall whether or not there was anybody else in the vehicle at the time that you got it I do not remember that you recall whether or not it was anybody else in the vehicle at the time that she had dropped you off at that location I do not remember that either now as far as the coming outside of the house uh did you take note of anything as far as the weather or what was going on with that when you came outside pretty sure it just started snowing at that time around that time um so the snow had just begun do you recall whether or not it was sticking or accumulating on the ground at that time I do not remember no now you get into the car and where did you go she drove me right home um so no stops along the way just from straight from Fair View to your house correct and uh about how long a period or how long a drive is anywhere between 5 10 minutes now as you were outside of the house walking to the car and after the car sort of backs out of the driveway leaves You observe anything abnormal or usual outside of of your uncle's house that night no Did You observe any other cars side at that time not that I remember now Ally um has a a mother and a father and you're familiar with them is that correct correct and what are their names Jennifer and Matt um same last name as yes and are you familiar with uh what types of vehicles they have yes and when you came out of the house and got into Ali's uh Ford Sedan um did you see any vehicle you would associate with either Jennifer or Matthew mccave at the that time no and so you drive home and you go uh to your your house um without the address um whereabouts within the town of Canton were you living at that point uh it's right in the center of Canton near The Season's gas station and is that a single family house or or a multif family house or what do you it is a condominium and when Mr K pulls in and and Parks you get out correct yes and in order to get into the building is there um in order to get into your home is there how is it that you get into your home when you get to the to the um there's a there's a door around back that I go into and I got to um either have a key or they buzz me in but I usually have a key and I got to go up uh a few three flights of stairs and then we're at the top level on the in the condominium and so there's you have to get sort of into the building before you can get into your your own unit correct and did you notice whether or not m m was still there as you were excuse me did you notice whether or not miss mccave was still out there parked when you open the door with ke that I do not remember and you get into uh the condo where you get into your home and uh who if anyone was living with you at that time my parents and my little brother your older brother where was he in San Diego he was in servic correct correct and uh as far as your brother your little brother and your father and your mother were they home when you got home yes and how do you know that because I remember my parents being up in their bedroom that night is there any sort of uh wool or sort of the lack of a better term but protocol as far as when you come home where do you go sort of first thing when you walk in I always um tell my mom and my dad that I'm home and usually go up to their bedroom give them a hug good night tell I love them and then go down to bed and did you do that on that occasion yes um so sort of immediately when you come home you go right up to your parents room yes and when you got up to your parents room on that particular evening was both your mother and your father in their room correct you had that sort of exchange that you described before yes and um so your bedroom is then located downstairs from where your parents bedroom is yes and um if you know about what time was it that you that you came into the house I want to say around 12:20 and fair to say this is two and a half years ago when you weren't exactly looking at your watch when you came in is that right exactly yes and as far as being home or having that curfew around midnight or so did you get in trouble from being late that night no objection I'll sustain the objection and strike that now Mr Albert the place that you were living at that point in the condo how long had you been living that I do not remember um did you liveed somewhere else in Canton prior to yes where was it that you seven Meadows AV and how long did you live at seven medal my whole entire life before moving to that condo and so all I'm sort of trying to ascertain here is so from the time of January 28 29 2022 was it a long time short time months weeks years how long had you been living at the con short time I'd say a couple months and so prior to that couple of months you had lived your whole life at seven Meadows correct correct and um that was a single family house is that correct yes and with respect to uh living on did you know uh people that lived on your street growing up yes and at some point uh while you were living there did you come to know someone by the name of John o' yes and how did you know Mr o' he lived at the top of our street um so how many houses if you know were sort of in between your house and Mr O's two and um do you know how long that Mr o' had been living on that street I do not know and how did you how did you know him sort of if you could describe sort of your relationship with your neighbor Mr O I knew him because I knew that my parents were friendly with him so that's and I knew he lived at the top of our street that's how I knew him and uh were you aware uh who if anyone lived at the house with Mr O I know his two um kids that he brought in adopted lived there and I'm not sure who else and that would have been his niece and his nephew that he adopted correct correct where were they in relation to you as far as Ages were concerned a lot younger I don't know the exact age difference but so you were in high school they would have been some grade far below yes now as far as um your relationship with Mr o' your neighbor um about how often would it be that you would you would see not often every I drive by every every now and then he'd be outside and I would wave he'd wave back that was pretty much it and during the time that you lived on metal LA or any a couple months subsequent to that um is there ever any animosity or any any sort of arguments or anything that you would ever had with Mr O never and how would you describe Mr O from your perspective as as far as how would you describe him as a person a nice guy a good guy now with respect uh to if I could bring you back to uh Fairview Road on January 28th and 29th of 2022 um obviously you were familiar with Mr o'keef at that point yes and at any point in time that you were in that home uh did you see Mr o'keef inside the home no at any point in time that you were outside the home going in coming out at any point time you see Mr O no at any point in time in the evening of January 28th into January 29th 2022 did you see Mr O anyway no and at that time the end of January 2022 uh were you aware of or did you know anybody by the name of Ken yes and how did you know her I knew that she dated uh Mr o'keef and had you had any sort of Prior interaction with Miss Reed prior to January 28th not that I remember no did you know what she look like not really um as far as any interactions would that be just sort of driving by the house yeah maybe drive by wave that was that was about it may have one moment yes now as far as that um sort of reaching out to miss mccab on that particular evening was that something that um you had done before yeah is that something that sort of you and your friend group uh did together as far as if somebody was out and driving around and somebody else was maybe drinking somewhere they could contact them for a r yes correct that was as opposed to somebody drinking and then getting behind the wheel and dve corre exactly now sir um some point in July of 2023 did you have occasion to meet with any troopers from the state police in regard to that evening of January 28th 29th say the date again some point in July of 2023 did you meet with any troopers from the state police no at some point subsequent to that date of January 28 29th did you meet with any troopers from the state police yes okay um and you asked questions and you answered them is that correct correct and uh following that uh conversation or interview that you had with troopers from the state police um what if anything did you provide them uh with reference to your phone um can you rephrase that sorry at some point did you provide them with a screenshot of a text communication between yourself and this yes and was that something that you took screenshot on your own phone and then we're able to then provide it to them correct may approach yes document ask you to look up look at it and then look up when you're finish and do you recognize that sir yes when do you recognize that um my text message is between alley that night and what's contained on that is that a fair and accurate portrayal of what you recall as far as the text messages what was on your phone as far as what you took a screenshot of of the text messages between you now and C yes sirach yes I'm to to introduce Mr Jackson sure no objection thank you all right and jurus remember the instruction I gave you about the text messages thank you okay I may I approach just return to the commission may I this for the J okay sir what's up on the screen is that what you have before you as exhib for yes and um the contact that's listed at the top states out is that correct correct that how you had this programmed into your Poli correct and from this there's two sets of communications one contain in blue Bubbles and one non bubbles correct yes if you know the BL bues is that you or is that miss m or that's me so the other side would be miss m is that correct correct there's also times there St associated with these text bubbles and taex Communications yes and if I could direct your attention May easier if you're looking at the paper and but just sort of starting from the top um January 28 2022 uh if you could uh read for the jury uh who what the content is what the time is and indicate communic um at 11:54 I texted Ally and said you can get me now period at 11:54 I texted her again and said if easier at 11:55 Ally texted me back and said okay I am driving people home now at 11:55 I said word and then at 11:55 I say get me after at 11:55 Ali wrot back at KK and then at 1210 a.m. Ali wrote here and at 1210 a.m I wrote back okay it's com to take that your H mayor post just to retrieve the exam yes sir with respect to um that last communication that you sent as far as okay how long that uh message was sent did you then go out to the car where Ali was right after I'd say around 30 seconds and you're on may approach the witness again yes sir I'm going I'm showing you what's been marked as exhibits 82 and 83 again I just ask you to take a look at those and look up and do you recognize those sir yep and what do you recognize those um say that say what is in those um a picture of me and my aunt and a picture of me by myself and uh do uh recall sort of uh when those photographs were taken yes February 11th and why is it that you recall that that well let me ask you this as far as February 11th was concerned where were you that that I was at my uncle's house house and why are you at your uncle's house on Mad uh my cousin was coming home for leave from the Marine Corps so we had a little gathering for him and just to be clear when you say your uncle you're talking about your Uncle Brian Albert again correct your cousin that was coming home from the Marines uh what's his name Jack Albert and so on that evening were over that house is that correct correct and um the first picture in exhibit I believe it's 82 is that correct correct and what's contained on there is that a fair andac betray sort of what you look like as far as your your arms your hands your face all of those things on on that date of February 11th correct and the second photograph is again you by yourself is that correct correct and from that photograph again is that a fair and accurate trailer what you look like on February 11th yes and from the second photograph in if you know uh where where was that taken within the home of your um in the library at um 34 Fairview and again that library or any of the other rooms uh within the house beyond the kitchen the dining room or possibly the restroom did you go into any other areas of the house on that night of January 28th into January 29th no I approach this retrieve yes y one moment joh okay Mr Albert just one last question when it came to your arrival at 34 Fairview Road on the evening of um or the early morning of January 29th when you were leaving um beyond your uncle bran and your on Nicole um did you see anybody else um anybody else older than yourself or anybody else related to uh that group uh come into the house that evening no thank you sir I'm have nothing Mr Jackson do you want to begin or wait until the morning you it probably makes more sense to wait okay thank you all right to wait until the jur until the juror leave and then you can follow the all right jurors I do have to caution you please do not discuss this case with anyone do not do any independent please research or investigation into the case if you happen to see here or read anything about the case please disregard it and let us know tomorrow H we'll see you tomorrow morning cour all right [Music] please be seated all right do you need me for anything any evidentiary issues any exhibits that we um need to go through to avoid sideb time tomorrow not for the car if you know not on behalf of M e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e