[Music] hi and welcome back to three size lessons kool UK by the end of this video you should be able to describe how organisms are adapted to living in the natural environment these include structural behavioral of functional adaptations you should then be able to describe what's meant by an extremal file now I should point out that there are no specific examples of adaptations required in the specification in the exam you could be given information on any living organism and ask to suggest how its adapted for its environment so in this video we're going to look at some examples of living organisms and see how they're adapted to their environment we're going to start with camels camels are adapted to the hot and dry conditions of a desert many of these are structural adaptations structural adaptations are adaptations of body shape or body structure firstly camels have a hump on their back and not to stall a fart fart as a thermal insulator so by storing the fat in one place this allows heat loss from other part of the camels body and this reduces water loss from sweating secondly metabolic reactions can be used to produce water from the fart camels have a thick coat on the upper surface of their body this insulates the top of the camel from the heat of the Sun and again this reduces water loss from sweating the inside of a comas mouth is leathery this means that they can shoot desert plants which often have thorns and these plants can be a good source of water camels also have long eyelashes to keep dust out of their eyes they can also close their nostrils to keep dust out of their nose and finally camels have wide feet which prevents the camel from sinking into the sand so as you can see comments have a range of structural adaptations to cope with the hot and dry conditions of the desert camels also have functional adaptations functional adaptations are adaptations to the body functions of an organism firstly camels produce concentrated urine and dry feces and both of these would use water loss secondly camels can tolerate very large changes in their body temperature this helps them to cope with the intense heat of the desert now many animals also have behavioral adaptations and these are adaptations to the animals lifestyle or behavior a good example of this is the kangaroo rat which lives in the desert kangaroo rats are nocturnal in other words they're mainly active at night this means that they avoid the heat of the daytime during the day kangaroo rats live in burrows underground and this keeps them cool and protects them from predators okay not many animals are adapted to live in cold conditions I'm shown here an arctic fox and this has a number of structural adaptations as you can see the arctic fox is very thick fur this provides insulation and reduces heat loss to the air the arctic fox also us firm the soles of their feet this reduces heat loss to the ice and the snow you'll notice that the architect Fox has very small ears this reduces the surface area of the Fox which reduces heat loss finally the arctic foxes coat provides effective camouflage which helps your tech Fox to hunt its prey okay now plants also have lots of different adaptations and a good example is the cactus which we find in the desert cacti are very well adapted to living in dry conditions one big problem that plants face in dry conditions is losing water through their leaves cacti have solved this problem some cacti have very small leaves which reduces water loss other cacti have no leaves at all only spines and these spines also protect the cactus from animals now desert are very dry and it doesn't rain very often so because of this cacti have extensive and shallow roots these allow cacti to catch as much water as possible after rainfall before the water evaporates or sinks into the ground cacti can also store water in their stem this means that cacti can survive many months without rain okay now some organisms are adapted to live in very extreme conditions and these are called extremophiles I'm showing you here a deep-sea vent and we find these on the seabed the conditions around these are extremely harsh for example of very high temperatures and pressures however we can find bacteria living in these vents on these bacteria or extremophiles as well as high pressures and temperatures extremophiles can also live in very high concentrations of salt remember you're fine plenty of questions on adaptations in my revision workbook and you can get that by clicking on the link above [Music]