Lecture on Basic Fire Safety (K3 Kebakaran)

Introduction

• Welcome speech and expressing happiness for attendance.
• Purpose: To discuss basic fire safety knowledge (K3 Kebakaran).
• Importance: Fire incidents can cause significant damage to companies, workers, and national interests, necessitating early prevention and mitigation.
• Necessary measures: Provision of adequate fire-fighting equipment, trained personnel, procedures, and systems.
• Reference: Information often found on official governmental and related websites.

Instructor Introduction

• Name: Wardoyo Saputra, also known as Domo
• Origin: Jambi, born in 1989
• Professional experience: 10 years in various significant companies
  • Sinarmas Forestry (2012-2014)
  • FIFA World Club (2016-2017)
  • ANJ Group (2017-2016) in Papua Barat
  • Present work in Dumai, Riau

Certification and Specialization

• Certified KMN4 (K3 general expert), fire-fighting certifications,
• Roles engaged in confined space operations and forest fire management.

Types of Participants (Analogy)

• Different types of participants categorized as types of glasses:
  • Full glass: Those who think they know everything.
  • Empty glass: Ready to receive and learn.
  • Closed glass: Unwilling to accept new ideas.
  • Broken glass: Present physically but absent mentally.
  • Leaking glass: Unable to retain information well.
  • Empty glass with filter: Ready to learn but discerning.

Safety Induction

• Ensure personal safety and comfortable environment.
• Avoid attending while driving or in hazardous conditions.
• Be aware of evacuation routes and assembly points.
• Maintain posture and light to avoid strain.
• Ensure a stable internet connection and sufficient data.

Understanding Fire

• Definitions:
  • Encyclopedia of Fire Service: Fire is a chemical chain reaction known as combustion.
  • David Digo Fire Manual: Fire is a rapid process that produces heat and light.
• Elements required for fire (Fire Triangle):
  • Heat
  • Oxygen (minimum 16% concentration)
  • Fuel
  • Fire cannot occur if any of these elements is absent.

Types of Fire

• Fire classification:
  • Class A: Combustibles like wood, paper, plastic.
  • Class B: Flammable liquids and gases.
  • Class C: Electrical fires.
  • Class D: Combustible metals.
  • Class E: Radioactive materials (limited usage country-specific).
  • Class K: Cooking media fires (fats and oils).

Fire Spread and Heat Transfer

• Types of heat transfer:
  • Radiation: Transfer of heat through empty space.
  • Convection: Transfer of heat through movement in liquids or gases.
  • Conduction: Direct transfer of heat between surfaces in contact.

Stages of Fire Development

• Ignition: Initial stage (0-1 minute)
• Growth: Fire spreads and intensifies (3-5 minutes).
• Fully Developed: Maximum heat release (up to 1000 degrees Celsius).
• Decay: Fire diminishes as fuel and oxygen are depleted.

Fire Suppression Techniques

• Smothering: Cutting off oxygen supply (e.g., using a blanket).
• Starving: Removing fuel source (e.g., turning off gas valve).
• Cooling: Using water to reduce temperature.
• Intervening: Blocking or separating burning material from oxygen.
• Chemical Reaction Inhibition: Using chemicals to interrupt the combustion process.

Fire Suppression Equipment

• Active protection systems:
  • Fire extinguishers (Apar)
  • Detectors
  • Sprinklers
  • Fire hydrants
  • Fire trucks and portable pumps
• Passive protection systems:
  • Compartmentalization (separating spaces with fire-resistant walls)
  • Evacuation aids
  • Dampers and ventilation to control smoke
  • Fire-retardant materials

Fire Extinguisher Types and Usage

• Types based on contents:
  • Dry Chemical Powder: For classes A, B, C
  • Clean Agent: Environmentally friendly gases
  • Foam: For liquid fires
  • CO2: For electrical fires

Fire Disaster Management (Brigades and Protocols)

• Different ranks within fire management teams based on government regulations:
  • Class D, C, B, A firefighters
  • Coordination roles include heads, team leaders, and community fire awareness groups (e.g., volunteer groups).
• Emphasis on planning, drills, inspections, maintenance, and audits to ensure readiness and compliance.

Case Studies and Practical Implementation

• Practical recommendations for various types of workplaces and emergencies.

Conclusion

• Encouragement to remain proactive in learning and safety practices.
• Motivational story emphasizing the transformative power of difficulties.
• Final statement: “Today is the tomorrow we talked about yesterday. Don’t forget to be happy.”

Closing and Q&A

• Informative session on certification opportunities and career development.
• Promotion of upcoming webinars and further learning resources.
• Brief lively interactive Q&A session confirming practical understanding.