Internet Connection Types

Satellite Networking

• Definition: Use of a satellite dish to communicate with satellites in low earth orbit.
• Characteristics:
  • Non-terrestrial communication method.
  • High cost due to expensive satellite launch.
  • Speed: Up to 50 Mbps down and 3 Mbps up.
  • High latency (~250 ms each way) due to distance.
  • Newer technologies like Starlink offer lower latency (~40 ms, aiming for 20 ms).
  • Operates in high frequencies (e.g., 2 GHz).
  • May experience rain fade (loss of connection during rain).

Fiber Optic Connections

• Definition: High-speed data transmission through fiber optic cables.
• Characteristics:
  • Supports transmission of large amounts of data quickly.
  • More expensive due to costly equipment and repairs.
  • Suitable for long-distance communication.
  • Common in enterprise networks and increasingly available for homes and businesses.
  • Provides high bandwidth for internet connections.

Cable Broadband

• Definition: Internet connectivity through the same cables used for cable TV.
• Characteristics:
  • Uses broadband communication to send multiple streams of data.
  • Employs different frequencies for video, voice, and data.
  • Uses DOCSIS (Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification) standard.
  • Supports high speeds (e.g., 1 Gbps or higher).

DSL (Digital Subscriber Line)

• Definition: Internet over existing telephone lines.
• Characteristics:
  • Typically asymmetric: faster download speeds than upload speeds.
  • Commonly offers around 200 Mbps down and lower upstream speeds.
  • Speed depends on distance from the central office (CO); limited to about 10,000 feet.

Cellular Networks

• Definition: Internet connectivity using mobile networks.
• Characteristics:
  • Can be used via tethering (USB/Bluetooth) or mobile hotspot.
  • Enables 802.11 network access through phone.

Wireless Internet Service Provider (WISP)

• Definition: Wireless internet service, typically in rural or infrastructure-limited areas.
• Characteristics:
  • No satellite use; communicates with local ground stations.
  • May use mesh 802.11, 5G, or proprietary connections.
  • Requires outdoor antenna for optimal reception.
  • Capable of high speeds (up to 1000 Mbps).