Professor Long's Anatomy and Physiology Lecture: Joint Movements

Introduction

• Instructor: Professor Bob Long
• Focus on simplifying joint movements in anatomy and physiology.
• Last lecture on joint articulations; follows note set page 49 for enrolled students.
• Lecture recorded during pandemic shutdown as a quick, informal video.

Types of Joint Movements

1. Circumduction

• Movement in a circular manner, involving both angular and rotational motions.
• Example Joints: Shoulder and hip (also fingers).

2. Flexion and Extension

• Flexion: Decreasing the angle between bones.
  • Examples: Elbow, fingers, knee, toes, hip, spine, wrists, ankles.
• Extension: Increasing the angle between bones to anatomical position.
  • Examples: The same joints that flex can also extend.

3. Hyperextension

• Further increase of angle beyond anatomical position.
• Examples: Bending fingers backward, looking up (neck), bending the chest backward.

4. Abduction and Adduction

• Abduction (ABD-duction): Moving a joint away from the midline.
  • Examples: Spreading fingers, legs.
• Adduction: Moving a joint towards the midline.

5. Medial and Lateral Rotation

• Medial Rotation: Rotating towards the midline.
• Lateral Rotation: Rotating away from the midline.
• Example Joints: Shoulder and hip.

6. Inversion and Eversion

• Inversion: Rotation towards the midline.
• Eversion: Rotation away from the midline.
• Example Joints: Knee and ankle.

7. Pronation and Supination

• Pronation: Rotating the forearm so palms face down or backwards.
• Supination: Rotating the forearm so palms face up or forward.
• Mnemonics: Carry a bowl of soup (supination) vs. spilling it (pronation).

8. Dorsiflexion and Plantar Flexion

• Plantar Flexion: Pointing toes down, like tiptoeing.
• Dorsiflexion: Pointing toes up, like walking on heels.

9. Opposition

• Definition: Moving the thumb across the palm to touch the base of the pinky.
• Allows grasping objects.

10. Protraction and Retraction

• Protraction: Sliding a joint forward (anterior direction).
• Retraction: Sliding a joint backward (posterior direction).
• Example Joints: Shoulders and mandible.

11. Elevation and Depression

• Elevation: Moving a joint upward.
• Depression: Moving a joint downward or inferiorly.
• Example Joints: Shoulders and mandible.

Conclusion

• Know verbal descriptions and examples of each joint movement.
• Practice to understand thoroughly.
• Encouragement: Outwork others to achieve high grades.

Note: Understand and internalize the movements to excel in exams. More detailed and professional video series may be developed based on feedback.