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What are the characteristics of a normal force?
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It is exerted by a surface on an object.
Define gravitational force and provide an example.
Gravitational force is the attraction between two masses, such as the force between the Sun and planets.
Explain the difference between mass and weight.
Mass is the amount of matter in an object, measured in kilograms, and remains constant. Weight is the gravitational force on an object, measured in Newtons, and can change with location.
Define the term 'contact forces' and list three examples.
Contact forces require physical contact to occur. Examples include friction, tension, and compression.
Explain how lightning is formed in terms of electrostatic forces.
Lightning is formed by the discharge of electricity between a negatively charged cloud bottom and the positively polarized ground.
Provide the formula to calculate weight and explain each variable.
F_g = m * g, where F_g is the gravitational force (Newtons), m is the mass (kilograms), and g is the gravitational acceleration (9.8 m/s²).
Describe magnetic force and name three ferromagnetic substances.
Magnetic force occurs between magnetic objects. Ferromagnetic substances include iron, nickel, and cobalt.
What is the unit of measurement for force?
Newton (N)
What do the arrows in force diagrams represent?
Magnitude (strength) and direction of the force.
What are action and reaction forces, and how do they relate to Newton's Third Law?
Action and reaction forces are pairs of forces that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction, exemplifying Newton's Third Law: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
What effects can forces have on the shape and motion of objects?
Forces can set an object in motion, change its speed or direction, change its shape, and cause it to rotate.
What are the three methods of charging an object electrostatically?
Friction, conduction, and polarization.
How does an unbalanced force affect an object?
Unbalanced forces cause movement or a change in the object's state of motion.
What determines the strength of a magnetic field?
The density of the magnetic field lines; more lines indicate a stronger magnetic field.
Describe balanced forces and their effects on an object.
Balanced forces are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction, resulting in no change in motion of the object.
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