Lecture Notes: Self-Esteem, Self-Efficacy, and Locus of Control

Introduction

Self-Concept: Derived from self-esteem and self-efficacy.
Key Themes: Differences between self-esteem, self-efficacy, and locus of control.

Definition: Belief in one's abilities to organize and execute actions to succeed in specific situations.
Origin: Developed by Bandura due to dissatisfaction with the general concept of self-esteem.
Impact Areas: Psychological states, behavior, motivation.
Types: RISE and FALL
- RISE (Strong Self-Efficacy):
  - View challenges as tasks to master.
  - Develop deep interests and commitment.
  - Recover quickly from setbacks.
- FALL (Weak Self-Efficacy):
  - Avoid challenging tasks.
  - Believe tasks are beyond capabilities.
  - Focus on failures and negative outcomes.
  - Lose confidence quickly.
Four Major Sources of Self-Efficacy:
1. Mastery of Experiences: Successful task completion strengthens self-efficacy.
2. Social Modeling: Observing peers successfully completing tasks boosts self-belief.
3. Social Persuasion: Verbal encouragement helps overcome self-doubt.
4. Psychological Responses: Managing stress and mood can improve self-efficacy.
Note: A person can have low self-esteem and high self-efficacy, as seen in perfectionists.

Definition: Extent to which people perceive control over events in their lives.
Types:
- Internal Locus of Control:
  - Believe they influence events and outcomes.
  - Attribute results to personal traits.
  - Example: Poor test performance due to lack of preparation.
- External Locus of Control:
  - Blame outside forces for outcomes.
  - Attribute events to environmental causes.
  - Example: Poor test performance due to difficult questions.
Impact:
- Internal locus of control correlates with higher happiness, less depression, and stress.

Clarification of differences between self-esteem, self-efficacy, and locus of control.
Understanding these concepts helps in self-improvement and handling life's challenges.