hello to you i do hope you're well welcome to this gcse revision session i'm ben wardle and today we're discussing fema relationships and families for aqa paper 2. now we're going to be covering everything you need to know about fema for christianity and islam so they're the two religions we are going to be discussing today and as they say we're going to cover everything you need to know for female relationships and families on paper too so let's get started shall we and here is the specification so these are the topics we're going to be talking about today the first three are going to be our key contrasting beliefs topic so we're really going to make a conscious effort to know contrasting beliefs about homosexuality and same-sex marriage sex before and outside of marriage and contraception we're also going to be discussing marriage and cohabitation divorce and remarriage the nature and purpose of marriage nature and purpose of family and grand grandeur i'm making up words now we've not even got started guys oh prepare yourselves um and gender discrimination and prejudice so lots to talk about today so get yourselves the drink get some snacks on standby i'm on the green tea cheers and let's get started shall we so i thought we could start with a quick look at the aqua key terms so these are the key terms aqa have told us we need to know for theme a i'm not going to read them all to you because we would be here till christmas but they are on the screen so have a quick look at those keywords just make sure you know the definitions and then we're going to start applying them throughout the video so we've got cohabitation compassion contraception divorce extended family family planning gender discrimination gender equality gender prejudice heterosexuality homosexuality the nuclear family polygamy procreation remarriage and vows now i thought we could just get started with a look at some of the key ideas and quotes that underpin the entirety of theme because there are a lot of key quotes that we can apply across the may now a really important thing to note before we get started is you don't need to remember the specifics of the quotes you know you don't need to remember for example genesis 1 28 what you do need to know is where that quote is from so you will get the marks for scriptural evidence if you can refer to the bible the quran the catechism for example i personally think it would be really great to remember a couple of specific quotes in order to show the examiner that you are a grade nine candidate but do not worry about remembering surah 224 for example as long as you know which text it's from you are gonna get those scriptural evidence marks so do not worry i will however be using the specifics on this video just so you know i'm not making them up really but you know what i mean so you will see you know the specific references on this powerpoint just so you can go away you can check it and you can see it in its wider context for example but for the exam do not worry yourself about remembering those exact specific verses however i am going to start with a specific verse which is genesis 1 28 it's a fantastic quote it's a theme a classic and it is of course be fruitful and multiply so much of what we're talking about today is going to link back to this idea in christianity that the purpose of sexual relationships is to be fruitful and multiply that god has commanded his people to procreate another great great link we can keep on making is to situation ethics the idea you should do the most loving thing in every situation and that's all about following the example of jesus we're going to talk about the catechism and it's teaching that sex outside of marriage is a thing so that will be relevant when we're talking about adultery and sex before marriage for example we're going to talk about this key concept that you should not interfere with god's plan and that's very relevant when we're talking about christianity and islam we're going to discuss this idea about gender it's quite a conservative religious view but men and women are spiritually equal they have the same dignity but they have different duties they have different social roles so whilst women are supposed to be mothers and to take care of the home and the children men are supposed to be leaders and to be breadwinners and this is quite relevant for the catholic church for example who say that women cannot become leaders in the church that is a man's job and that women find their purpose in life by becoming mothers so it's a key idea in both conservative christianity and islam that men and women have the same dignity so they are spiritually equal but they have different social roles what else are we going to be talking about oh few technical difficulties there we go i thought it was all going to go wrong but don't worry sarah 17 has appeared to save the day this is a great quote isn't it adultery is an evil path a really easy quote to remember and a really easy way of showing the examiner you know your quran saying here that adultery is an evil past another really interesting key concept i want to introduce to you here is saint thomas aquinas's five precepts of natural moral law now this is an a-level concept but i think it's really helpful for female relationships and families basically saint thomas aquinas is known as the doctor of the church he is a key influence on the catholic church and he said that there are five things that all people need to do and they are the preservation of life reproduction the education of children the ordering of society and the worship of god now a couple of these are going to be very relevant for female for example reproduction we already know is going to be essential when we're talking about um religious views on homosexuality for example or contraception um education of children and the ordering of society are two brilliant examples of the purpose of families in christianity and indeed in islam the idea that the family provides stability not just for those involved but also for society at large and the idea of the education of children that religious people should have a family so they can educate their children about morality and they can educate their children about god we're going to talk about humanize a lot today it's a key catholic church encyclical and this is a fantastic quote to know every sex act must remain open to the transmission of life so again you can see why the catholic church criticizes homosexuality criticizes contraception and any sex act that is not procreative because the catholic church believes every time you have sex that act must be open to the transmission of life another key concept we'll talk about is that idea the family provides stability so that is a key purpose of the family and also we'll be talking about this brilliant quote from pope francis when he asked who am i to judge so that's going to be quite relevant when we're talking about homosexuality for example and the idea that nobody should be judging other people's lifestyle choices or sexual orientations or decisions and we can apply that to um contraception as well for example you know this idea you know you shouldn't be imposing your personal viewpoint onto other people so let's get started with our first topic shall we which is homosexuality and same-sex marriage our key definition is homosexuality which means being physically and sexually attracted to persons of the same gender now in terms of the uk attitude the uk law we need to know is the sexual offences act since 1967 which legalized homosexual acts in england and wales between consenting men over the age of 21 and then the equal age of consent was brought in in 2001 so it is now in alignment with the heterosexual age of consent we also need to know another very important uk law which is same-sex marriage so in 2013 same-sex marriage became legal in the uk so that was under 10 years ago if you're watching in 2022 um and so that shows what a recent development this is so big social change is happening i've got a few quotes for you here now as i say i don't want you to worry about remembering all of these quotes but they really do give you an understanding of the scriptural foundations for the religious attitude so for example human diversity that every sex act must remain open to the transmission of life this key idea in catholicism that sex acts must be procreative and so obviously the catholic church is then going to say homosexuality is wrong because it's not open to the transmission of life surah 26 there for example is another good example i keep saying the word example do excuse me must you lust after males and abandon the wives god has created for you you are exceeding all bounds so the idea from the quran there is that you should not abandon god's plan for you god's plan is for men and women to get together if i can use that phrase and you should not abandon that you should not start lusting after people of the same sex because that goes against god's plan it means you are exceeding all bounds you're going too far you're going against what god has planned for humanity um more conservative quotes would be from saint paul in his letter to the corinthians saying men who have sex with men will not inherit the kingdom of god um and the catechism of the catholic church saying that homosexual acts are intrinsically disordered and contrary to the natural law through a very very clear condemnation there from the catholic church however we're going to look at some more liberal voices as well for example the inclusive musk initiative says there are many ways of doing islam so the idea there being there is not necessarily one right way of living your life you know not everybody has to follow that traditional notion of a man and a woman in a heterosexual relationship that there are many ways of doing islam there are many ways of putting the key principles and values of your religion into practice another really great quote is from the quakers they're quite a liberal group of christians and they say it is the nature and quality of the relationship that matters so it's not about the gender of those involved it's about the nature of the relationship so if the relationship is loving it's consensual it's respectful it's committed the quakers would have no problem with that because it's a loving relationship it's not down to the gender of those involved it's down to the nature and the quality of that relationship so let's take a look at the contrasting views from christians and muslims on homosexuality we're going to start with the positive attitude so quakers and messages now allow same-sex marriage quakers say it is the nature and quality of the relationship that matters it is about love not gender you could say that all humans are made imago day in the image of god that means god has created us as unique individuals he has created us so he's created somebody gay for example and you know as i put on the slide that this includes being lgbt plus you should support people in being their true selves because that is how god has created them he's intentionally created people in a unique way they should be able to fulfill their potential to be themselves because each person is made in mango day we could refer to situation ethics which is joseph fletcher's key idea that same-sex relationships may be morally acceptable if they're loving and don't cause harm you could say if the relationship is loving it is in accordance with christian principles jesus never condemns homosexuality he doesn't say anything at all about homosexuality jesus himself was celibate as far as we know he never had sex so you can't say you know well jesus only dated women so therefore christians should as well what jesus did is teach love your neighbor as yourself he taught that love is the most important thing you could say from a situation ethics point of view that if that relationship is loving who is anybody else to condem or judge you could then bring in some secular views maybe you can talk about modern science showing us that homosexuality is natural and normal it's seen across the animal kingdom for example you can talk about those modern social attitudes the sexual offences act of 1967 the same-sex marriage act of 2013 um john stuart mill is the key philosopher who proposed an idea called the harm principle that as long as somebody isn't causing harm they should be free to do whatever brings them happiness and you know two consenting adults having a sexual relationship in private is not causing harm to you so why do you have a problem with it and that links in with pope francis's quote that who am i to judge you shouldn't judge people live and let live okay you don't want to be in a same sex relationship that doesn't mean other people can't either it should be up to them what they do as long as it's legal and in the uk it is legal for consenting adults to have a relationship a sexual relationship on the other side of the argument there are negative attitudes towards homosexuality obviously the key idea in christianity to be fruitful and multiply god has said be fruitful and multiply you can't do that if you're just having same-sex relations you could also refer to genesis by referring to adam and eve which you could see as evidence god has created men and women for one another he creates eve as a helper for adam so that's god's intention for sexual relationships a man and a woman you could say the god-given purpose of marriage is to have children so same-sex marriage in particular is wrong because you cannot have children naturally if you're in a same-sex relationship you could refer to the catechism which says homosexuality is contrary to the natural law so it goes against what is natural what is god's plan and so it is wrong leviticus says uh same-sex acts are detestable uh saint paul says that men who have sex with men will not inherit the kingdom of god your key link there is to the fact that scripture is seen as infallible scripture is seen as the word of god so if scripture is saying it's wrong you could say christians believe it's wrong or some christians believe it's wrong because scripture is telling them that and they believe it is the infallible word of god in terms of the quran surah 26 they do not lust over um men because god has created wise for you the same sex acts go against god's plan and they are sinful because they are lustful and lusty things are a negative thing as a negative instinctive emotion that you shouldn't be acting upon because it's going to lead you down a sinful path and sir says that those who engage in same-sex acts should be dishonored and again this idea that the quran is the infallible word of god as we know from paper one and sexual immorality is said in the quran to be punishable so it's obviously wrong so in terms of your positive attitudes towards homosexuality that is obviously where you're going to be saying reasons religious people support homosexuality or they think it's acceptable whereas your negative attitude is you know why people would say it is wrong it is sinful it shouldn't be allowed but what's really important when you go into that exam room is that you do have both sides of the argument in mind you need to be able to tell me what some christians believe what other christians believe what some muslims believe and what other muslims believe really make sure you're ready to show both sides of that argument let's talk about our next topic then shall we and it's sex before and outside of marriage so let's start again with our key terms sexy for marriage it's very simple it's having sex um before getting married who'd have thought it and then the other key term i want you to know is cohabitation and that means to co-habit so to live together as a couple without being married so in terms of our religious attitudes to sex before and outside of marriage we are going to look at contrasting beliefs about sex before marriage because there are quite um diverse views about this however one thing that is very clear is that all christians and muslims condemn sex outside of marriage they condem adultery so christians and muslims agree that adultery is wrong many believe sex should only take place within marriage and be open to procreation why is that let's take a look so the ten commandments teach christians very clearly do not commit adultery so again scripture is seen as the word of god and so it must be taken seriously and the ten commandments are very clear do not commit adultery and we see the same in the quran which describes um adultery as an outrage and an evil past that's serious 17 so again scripture is very very clear that sex outside of marriage is wrong in particular adultery we can say adultery goes against the marriage vows that are made in the presence of each other in the presence of witnesses and the presence of god so it's breaking a promise and in the case of um christian marriage it's breaking a sacrament um adultery causes upset and harm it is not a loving thing to do so you know even someone who is practicing situation ethics is never going to come to the conclusion that adultery is the right thing to do because it's always causing more harm than good and it's therefore seen as wrong in terms of christian views hebrews 13 4 teaches that the marriage bed should be kept pure and that god will judge the adulterer and the sexually immoral so you will be held to account for that the hadid say that those who engage in illicit sex acts will be punished so there are going to be consequences and sharia law is even clearer it saves um that the death penalty can be a possible punishment for adultery however important that we know this requires four witnesses so four witnesses to your adultery would be required so it can be very hard to obviously secure that prosecution but it is there as a deterrent it's very clear isn't it that adultery is wrong however there are then contrasting beliefs as i say about sex before marriage and this is where you could be asked the contrasting beliefs question so we need to know positive attitudes to sex before marriage and we also need to know our negative attitudes towards it as well so liberal christians such as quakers would say it is not necessarily wrong um between two consenting adults it is the nature of the relationship that is key it doesn't matter if you've got a ring on your finger or not it's about the nature of that relationship so if it's a loving relationship if it's a committed relationship there's nothing wrong with it as long as no one's being harmed there is no problem with you having sex before marriage within that committed loving relationship it may be a healthy way to express love within a modern committed relationship and situation ethics another christian concept as we know would reaffirm this that idea that as long as the act is loving and not harmful so you are expressing your love for somebody and it's strengthening your relationship it isn't necessarily wrong however on the other side of the argument islam is very clear that sex must take place within marriage and a hundred lashes is given as a punishment for having sex before marriage in surah 24th so again the quran being very very clear that about the islamic teaching and a great great quote from the quran is that you should remain chaste until you are ready for marriage so you must not have sex until you are ready for marriage a very very great piece of scriptural evidence there that you must wait until marriage if you are not ready for marriage you shouldn't be sleeping with anybody it's that simple the catholic church is also very clear it is a grave sin to have sex outside of marriage it doesn't matter if you've been with that person for 10 years or 10 minutes you should not be having sex outside of marriage full stop and that's a non-negotiable for the catholic church and saint paul has a really interesting quote in his letter to the corinthians he says it is better to marry than to burn with passion so he's saying that sex before marriage is sinful but within marriage it is not so it's always wrong to have sex outside of marriage according to saint paul according to the catholic church sex should only ever take place within marriage so two key ideas there sex before marriage for which there are contrasting views and then sex outside of marriage adultery for which there is a very clear view from both christians muslims and humanists it is wrong and that's because of the harm it causes the trust that is broken the damage that is done to different parties involved it might lead to the breakup of the marriage for example let's talk about another contrasting beliefs topic now and it is contraception which is the precautions taken to prevent pregnancy and to protect against contracting or transmitting st i so again the blue boxes have got your key quotes one of my favorite quotes there is from the catechism of the catholic church that artificial contraception is intrinsically evil it's so dramatic i absolutely love it the condoms are intrinsically evil that's how unhappy the pope is with um condoms and artificial contraception and we do also have a fantastic quote on there from the church of england it's from their lambus conference since 1930 so almost 100 years ago now and it's a really great example to use in your exam responses and the church of england believes that contraception is acceptable so a real contrast with the catholic church if it is done in the light of christian principles so the church of england we're going to see in a minute says you can use contraception as long as you use it in the light of christian principles and we'll talk about what that means but basically it means if it's in a loving relationship a committed relationship a christian relationship then you can use it don't use contraception so you can go and you know go on a wild spree sleeping with whoever you want whenever you want but use it in a responsible way you know and it's absolutely fine what you do need to know about contraception are the two key methods we have the natural methods of contraception which include the rhythm method which is when a couple have sex when a woman is not fertile is not ovulating and then we have those artificial methods which are human-made objects designed to prevent pregnancy they include the condom and the birth control pill a key example then of natural methods is family planning and this is what the catholic church advocates it's when you plan when to have a family and how big a family to have by the use of birth control practices and or contraception so for example an example of family planning would be the rhythm message so a married couple would avoid having sex when the woman is fertile for the intention of not having a child at that time if that makes sense so it's about being strategic you know the catholic church is not saying if you're catholic you know you have to have ten thousand children um but what they are saying is you shouldn't be using artificial methods so let's take a look at our contrasting beliefs about contraception we've got positive attitudes first as always so reasons religious people may support the use of contraception the church of england is our key christian example and the church bingman says that contraception is acceptable within a committed relationship so within a loving relationship within a christian relationship the church of england says you can use contraception it is acceptable provided it is done in the light of christian principles liberal christians in general would agree that contraception is a sensible method of family planning and it's important as a christian to be a steward to be responsible to not be irresponsible and have more children than you can feed and then contribute to pollution and contribute to you know um overpopulation which could be very damaging for wider society some muslims also have positive attitudes to contraception and based on the idea in surah 4 that god wants to help people lighten their burdens because man was created weak the idea of contraception can be used within marriage to help with family planning or it could also be for health reasons yeah if a woman's health would become at risk by becoming pregnant for example so it's the idea from surah 4 god wants to help people now of course in islam sex has to be within marriage but then if you're having sex within marriage you can use contraception for the purpose of family planning and situation ethics then of course back to joseph fletcher and the idea contraception is not intrinsically evil as the catholic church has said because the morality of an action depends on the situation so it depends on the situation and you could say it is the most loving thing to do to use contraception because using contraception is better than risking stis which are going to cause harm or an unwanted pregnancy which is going to cause harm so using contraception may be the most loving thing to do it may be the most responsible thing to do and the wisest thing to do so that's what we could um talk about if we were referring to situation ethics on the negative attitudes column then what are the reasons uh religious people would take a negative attitude to contraception well the catholic church says contraception is intrinsically evil because it denies the sovereign role of god in the transmission of life so basically it means you're interfering with god's plan the purpose of sex is procreation every sex fact must remain open to the transmission of life and if you are interfering you are playing god and the catholic church is completely against that as you can imagine conservative christians in general say that contraception may make sexual immorality more likely so if you allow contraception you may encourage more sexual immorality you might encourage promiscuity for example so you know if people can just you know get get the condoms from the chemist they you know they're going to become promiscuous and they're not going to bother getting married because they can just go around sleeping with who they like when they like and obviously our conservative christians are not going to be happy about that at all because they believe it makes facts about pleasure rather than procreation it makes it a very selfish thing when it should actually be a selfless thing because you're giving new life um and it could also risk stis and lead to people using others for sex so it's all about physical pleasure and gratification rather than procreation and of course our key christian idea is to be fruitful and multiplying some muslims believe that the purpose of sex is procreation and contraception contraception would therefore be wrong because it prevents it it interferes with god's will god's plan and some muslims say some methods could actually be considered an early abortion and therefore be infanticide um and serious 17 is very clear that you should not kill your children for fear of poverty we will provide for them let's move on to our next topic now and the next topic is marriage we're going to be taking a look at what the nature and the purpose of marriage is so we're going to start with a look at christian beliefs about the purpose of marriage what is the point of getting married there are four key ideas that i think it's really helpful to know in terms of the christian beliefs to become one flesh and that's the key idea from genesis 2 24 so the purpose of marriage is to become one flesh to have a committed lifelong relationship um and i put that there to have a committed and loving sexual relationship to procreate to have children to start a family and really importantly in christianity to fulfill the sacraments in christianity marriage is a sacrament it's one of the seven sacraments of the catholic church for example so really important that you are fulfilling those sacraments you are fulfilling the duties of your christian life that includes getting married in islam we have very similar ideas about the purpose of marriage procreation again to have children start a family however you'd like to term it you could say to support and protect one another so this really great quote from surah 2 about becoming a covering for one another that in marriage you provide protection and support to your space it also is about fulfilling your religious responsibilities and so surah 24 says very clearly marry those among you who are single so this is very clear idea that there is a command in the quran a command from god to get married and then another one is to provide stability to society the idea from the hadith that there is no institution in islam more beloved and dearer to god than marriage that it's a very positive institution it's you know a really important institution it provides stability it provides support and it provides an outlet for people to have loving sexual relationships and to raise children so as i say here's just a couple more thoughts on this so the cat's giving of the catholic church says that the vocation to marriage is written in the very nature of man and woman so the idea that it is a vocation it is a calling it is something that religious people are called to do and then a key islamic scholar abdul wahid hamad says the only way to protect all within society is to maintain a society where only a man and his wife share the act of sex so again the idea that marriage is about providing stability to society because it's a stable place for people to express their sexual desires and to have sexual relationships and so it serves a really important purpose within society now of course we then have on the other hand cohabitation which is living together without being married this is opposed by most muslims and the catholic church however the church of england our more liberal voice does accept cohabitation if it will lead to marriage it can be a trial period if you want to live together before committing to getting marriage you know see what it's actually like living under the same roof sharing a kitchen sharing a bedroom sharing a bathroom that kind of thing so that's really important to know as well the idea of marriage as being this sacrament for christians as being this contract for muslims you are committing to somebody you you know you are committing that you will only have sex with them that you intend to spend the rest of your life with them and that is seen as very important and as having a very important purpose by both christians and muslims i've just put here a couple of example exam questions that was a mouthful just to give you an insight into how this could be applied on the paper so you could be asked in a 12-mark question to evaluate the statement the most important purpose of marriage is to have children you'd be considering those different purposes on the screen there you'd be thinking hmm is the most important purpose to provide stability to society or is it to have children is the most important purpose actually to fulfill your religious responsibilities or to protect one another you know you'd be thinking is that statement right or is there a more important purpose of marriage or is there an equally important purpose of marriage you could also be asked to explain two religious beliefs about the importance of marriage so you might explain that idea that it's about procreation you might explain that idea that it's about um fulfilling your religious responsibilities because in the quran faith you should marry those among you who are single you could also be asked to give two religious beliefs about the purpose of marriage so you would literally be stating to have children to support one another or to fulfill the sacraments so really be thinking in terms of marriage about the point of it why do christians and wider muslims believe getting married is so important why is it seen as so sacred as so significant oh and there's another key term for you vows the promises made during a marriage ceremony and actually i think that does reflect how significant and important marriage is because you are making that commitment aren't you you're making that really important commitment you need to you know try your very very best to stay committed to that commitment because you are making these vows and that for christians and for muslims is very significant and very important however as we know not all marriages are lifelong indeed up to 50 of marriages now end in divorce which is why this is a really interesting topic on theme a and we need to know contrasting beliefs about it so we're gonna take a look at why some christians have a positive attitude towards divorce not that they encourage it but that they accept it and we'll also look um at ideas in islam as well and then we also need to look at negative attitudes to divorce so for example why does the catholic church not let people get divorced you cannot get divorced in the catholic church you have to try and get something called an annulment instead which is where someone says not someone someone very important in the church aka the pope says the marriage is declared invalid so that would be where you say actually a valid marriage never happened but in terms of divorce the catholic church is beyond divorce is it not allowed why is that because of these key ideas in blue so mark chapter 10 verse 9 what god has joined together let no man separate the idea in christianity and catholicism in particular that in marriage you are joined together by god remember we just said the purpose of marriage is to become one flesh well the key idea there is that you have become one person one flesh literally in the eyes of god and so you cannot be separated it's impossible because in the eyes of god you've become one flesh um and so we're going to talk through these key concepts and these key ideas so let's start with some positive attitudes shall we the church of england accepts that there are circumstances when marriages do fail and so divorce may be granted in those circumstances um and this was a synod though in the early 21st century where the church of england acknowledged some marriages regrettably do fail and so we need to be pragmatic we need to be practical we are going to say you can get a divorce and you can even remarry so that's the church of england position and remember the church of england exists because henry viii wanted divorce and because the pope wouldn't let henry viii have a divorce so he said i'm gonna start my own church as she do why not go on henry um islam says divorce can be a last resort so it is acceptable as the last resort it should follow a cooling off period that's what we read about in story two which says those who intend to divorce their wives shall wait four months it's not encouraged but it is sometimes seen as acceptable um in terms of what jesus taught jesus is quite interesting on divorce um because he says in matthew 5 32 anyone who divorces his wife except for sexual immorality makes her a victim of adultery so what he's saying there is that if you get divorced and then you remarry you're committing adultery but he gives an exception he says you can get divorced in the case of sexual immorality so this suggests that even he thought there were times when divorce might be okay for example in the case of sexual immorality if your partner's had an affair the situation ethics response would also be i'd expect positive towards divorce saying that obviously you should do the most loving thing in every situation in some situations divorce may be the most loving thing to do so for example if it's a deeply unhappy marriage if you know the children are really unhappy it's having an effect on them maybe getting divorced is the most loving thing to do negative attitudes however the catholic church says marriage is about becoming one flesh as we know from genesis 2 24 it is a sacrament whereby you become one person in the eyes of god as we read in mark chapter 10 verse 9 what god has joined together let no man separate you cannot it is impossible to get divorced in the catholic church in the eyes of the catholic church because you have become one flesh indeed the catholic church says divorce is the grave offense against the natural law it injures the covenant of salvation so if you get divorced your chances of being saved remember that key term from paper one are significantly reduced so that really demonstrates doesn't it how negatively it seems that if you get divorced it injures the covenant of salvation it's a grave offense against the natural law in islam of course we know that um divorce is seen as detestable to god uh muhammad didn't divorce you could say a muslim should follow his example it can damage the family and society it is a very important contract the nikkha contracts it should not be broken um and you could talk about the sanctity of the marriage vows as well they're made not just to each other as you know a human contract but according to christians they are a covenant with god they are a sacred sacrament um and so you have to take them seriously you know you can't be half-hearted when the going gets tough you can't like right then see you later i'm off to barbados you've got to take those marriage vows seriously you know because they're made in church they're made before god before your relatives you need to take it seriously when you say until death do us part um however as we said some people do divorce and they may then remarry and remarriage is marriage for a second time after you have been divorced so literally re-marrying we've got three different opinions on this that we need to know so the catholic opinion is that remarriage is wrong because they believe you can't get divorced so once you are married you are married that is it because in marriage you become one flesh and that's it there's no get out of jail free card there's no exit clause once you are married you are married so remarriage would be living in permanent adultery if you are married that is for life and so if you then get remarried you are actually committing adultery because that first marriage has not ended the only way to end marriage in catholicism is to get an annulment to tell the world the marriage never happened in the first place you never had a valid marriage this is because you are still married to your original partner until death you are one flesh for life the protestant or the church of england view allows remarriage but it is up to the individual minister to decide whether to let you get remarried or to have a remarriage a second marriage in their church and in order to do that they will often ask you a series of questions to determine whether the marriage will be successful and you are going to take it seriously so you're not then going to have a second marriage and then get divorced again two weeks later they really want to make sure that you are sure and then in islam we have the idea that muslims can remarry after divorce it may even be encouraged in order to provide stability and that goes back to the idea that the purpose of marriage is to provide stability in society a man and woman can remarry the same partner twice but after a third divorce they cannot remarry that same person again straight away they'd have to go and marry somebody else and then come back to their original partner so you can't just keep marrying and divorcing the same person again and again there has to be a cutoff point after you have remarried the same partner twice we're gonna move on now to the nature and purpose of families so here are a couple of key quotes um i love these quotes actually when it comes to talking about the family so for example children are a heritage from the lord from psalm 127 the church of england says the family is the most important grouping human beings have ever developed exodus one of the ten commandments honor your mother and father the catechism says the home is the first school of christian life and a school for human enrichment um and of course that classic quote there to be fruitful and increase in number showing us very clearly the purpose of the family before we talk about those purposes just a quick note on the nature of family so we need to know for the exam that the nuclear family is your traditional family unit your mother father and their children all living together having their happily ever after the end a blended family is step families together via remarriage and the extended family just refers to that wider family network all these people that rock up for a sandwich platter at christmas or you know had a big birthday the grandparents the cousins the aunties the uncles they're all there for the boxing day buffet to get the hands on the minnie mince pies we also have obviously single parent families and same-sex parents families i think those definitions are quite obvious aren't they single parent when you've got one parent on their own bringing up the children and the same-sex parent family to um men to women with their adopted or you know surrogate children another key term you need to know is polygamy and this just means having multiple spouses it's illegal in the uk and it's not allowed in christianity because the whole idea in christianity is to become one flesh but it is allowed for men in islam men are allowed to have up to four wives in islam but obviously in the uk that would be illegal so as i say we want to know the purpose of families in christianity the purpose of family is reproduction to have children be fruitful and increase in number education to teach children about god you know as the catechism says the home is the first school of christian life and a school for human enrichment and we see again in ephesians chapter 6 there fathers bring your children up in the training and instruction of the lord um another thing to do is read the bible together and it's about providing for your family and this is a really interesting purpose of the family so say paul writes anyone who does not provide for their relatives and especially for their own household have denied the faith and he's worse than an unbeliever so that's really really interesting the idea that the key purpose of family is not necessarily to um teach them about the religion that is secondary the most important thing is to provide for them and that's your priority that's the most important thing we then have our islamic belief so again reproduction it is within the family unit that you procreate and have children again education you bring your children up within the religion the shahada for example is the first word the child should hear whispered in their ear by the father you know the call to prayer which you know sets the tone for their life in the family it's about providing stability and protection for children and a really good one for islam is to care for elderly relatives and we find this in surah 17 and do good to your parents so the idea that the purpose of family is not just to care for the youngest for the children but also to care for the oldest for the elderly and that's a really key purpose of the family in um islam so in terms of our exam style question again i want to share with you a potential question five the most important purpose of family is to educate children within a face so the idea being here that again you've got to assess what is the most important purpose of family what is the point is it to bring up your child within the religion or is it to provide for them is it to provide them with stability or could it be just as important to care for the elderly so you would be weighing up those different purposes of the family considering the different key quotes you know honor your mother and father for example do good to your parents would suggest to me that it is just as important to care for your parents as it is to educate the children within a faith i might also say that st paul says that you need to provide for your relatives so never mind teaching them about noah's ark and about jesus walking on water you need to make sure that your children can eat that your children have clothes it's just as important as the teaching so with that style of question you would be assessing those different purposes and you would be weighing up and considering which is the most important you know or could two of them be equally as important let's conclude then shall we with gender prejudice and discrimination and i'm just going to share with you in the blue boxes those key quotes gender discrimination means acting on prejudices against someone because of their gender whereas gender prejudice means negative thoughts feelings or beliefs about a personal group based on their gender now you know the role of religion in gender prejudice in gender discrimination is you know very well documented and it's a really really interesting area of study as you can see from those quotes you know we've got a really balanced mix of quotes there on the one hand saint paul says there is no male and female you are all one in christ whereas on the other hand he's saying women should remain silent in churches and i do not allow a woman to teach or exercise authority over a man but to remain quiet and so you know lots and lots of different perspectives which is great because you know we can talk about why some conservative christians believe one thing whereas more liberal christians or muslims might believe another so why is gender discrimination wrong why would it be seen as wrong i want us to explore the answer to this question by looking at contrasting beliefs about gender equality so a positive attitude to gender equality shows us why gender discrimination is wrong doesn't it so why is gender discrimination wrong well theists believe that both men and women are made by god and so they are spiritually equal none of god's creation should be discriminated against because they are all created by god saint paul teaches that there is no difference between men and women because you are all one in christ jesus that in jesus name in christianity you are all equal indeed jesus's fair treatment of women was very progressive in the first century greco-roman world and you know he was seen by many as a radical in terms of the fact he would actually talk to women in this patriarchal society so you could say as a role model jesus really set the tone for equality you know the great quote there from john chapter four they marveled that he was talking to a woman they couldn't believe it you know so was he a feminist of his time christians believe that men and women are spiritually equal and have the same dignity so that would obviously go against discriminating muslims again believe that men and women are spiritually equal and will be judged in the same way on judgement day we see in serie 9 for example that god has promised believers both male and female gardens graced with flowing streams where they will remain so the idea is that men and women are both going to go to heaven they'll both be held accountable in the same way for their actions and the church of england is a great example because they have allowed women to become priests since 1994 so they are moving towards gender equality and it is predicted there will be an equal number of male and female priests by 2025 in the church of england however in terms of our negative attitudes to gender equality traditionalists we could say believe customs from the past should remain so they may believe in those traditional gender roles that a woman's role is in the home as a homemaker and a man's role is in society as a breadwinner and a decision-maker saint paul teaches that wives must submit to their husbands and that women should remain silent in church however of course we could say that is culturally relative because he was writing in a patriarchal context catholic church does not allow women to become leaders in the church because jesus only appointed women as apostles so women are not allowed a leadership role in the catholic church conservative christians believe in traditional gender roles that idea of having the same dignity so spiritual equality but um different duties that they have different roles in society a woman should not take on a public leadership role but should focus on childcare and home making and some people might say you know that goes against the idea of gender equality and muslims believe that men and women are spiritually equal but have different social roles women are restricted by society so although they are spiritually equal they have different social roles in terms of religious examples of promoting gender equality then i've just got a couple here for you so the inclusive mosque initiative who we spoke about with same-sex relationships um campaigns for more equality in mosques malala used to say is a great example um of a muslim woman who stood up to the taliban in her campaign for education equality christian aid and tear fund both help to tackle gender inequality through their work and women can now become leaders in the church of england so they can become priests or they have been becoming priests since 1994 very clear example there of more progressive steps of the church looking to the future and taking into account the social change working towards the position of gender equality in terms of roles within the church