Like, and the noun is likeness. Now, is the sentence has a subject? Yeah, where is it? Students. And what about some?
Modifier. A lot or? some or many or few or a few or how do you understand so the the head verb the head subject here is what the head verb is what if we come to one of the sentence has a head. And we know we need to recognize this head.
Bo the syntax, you will study this. Okay? So what is the subject here?
Students. Okay? Now what about some?
Modifier. Modifier. Yes.
some some many students, three students, five students, a lot of students, a number of students, similar students, okay, whatever that wordification, that quantity, okay, students are students. There are subjects. So some students is that subject. You can move some students and say they like. You understand?
It's complete. is here not here so it has subject yes it has subject in the slot, in the slot or the subject in the subject slot is it empty or it has something? it has something so it is in the subject now let's move to the verb slot the verb slot the verb slot here is filled with the word what? like and like what? like Like to study.
So like to study, okay, is in the verb slot. In the verb slot. So like to study in the morning, this is the complement slot.
The complement. What do you mean by complement? Compliment.
C-O-M-E-N-E. Compliment. C-O-M-E-N-E. but with the I not E, complement, complement, complement means complement.
Complement, we will talk about that. Complement, I'm a complete, complete, complete, complement, complement, complement. Then, here we have a complete sentence with an I. idea, verb, compliment, etc.
Now in the second sentence, here the subject is not only Juan or Arturo there are two people, Juan and Arturo. This is again a subject, but this subject consists of two people so the subject can be one person or two people. One thing or more than one thing. For example, cars are necessary. Okay, cars here, it's a subject, one word.
You understand? We can say Mercedes and Toyota are two types of cars. So Mercedes and Toyota, okay, are two names. They act like subjects. Again, Juan or Juan, right?
And Arturo, what is the verb here? Play. Play what?
Football. How many times? Complete.
So we have subject, verb, complement, complete idea. Okay, so this is a simple sentence. Okay?
So a simple sentence, it must have only one verb, but it has, it might have more than one subject. Understand? Then Alicia goes to the library and...
and studies every day. How many subjects here? One subject, Elysia. What does Elysia do Tuesdays? Goes to the library and studies every day.
Since we have one subject to do actions, it's still simple. So what do you understand? Is it only one verb?
It's not necessary. It's only one subject? Necessary.
But since this... subject is the same It is still a certain sentence. Yes?
Yeah, we have two verbs but we have one subject. For example, I teach in this university and meet everyone in the morning. It's a certain sentence.
because I am the only door of the action. Since we have one subject, two verbs or three verbs, it's still a simple sentence. And if I have too many, more than one subject and one verb is the same sentence.
Okay, now I proved something, right? Now, Anne studies every day. Because of Anne, Anne here is not one of the fanboys. We'll talk about them.
Okay? If it is one of the fanboys, it's preceded by a comma. And the subject is different. The subject is different.
Since you are adding a list, for example, I have a car, a villa, and a family. And here is a list. the conjunction because I am adding a less only. So we have different types of and. And here is just adding a less of verbs I do.
Okay? So Elysia There's many things. One, two, and three.
So, and here is a list. You understand? Okay.
So, if we have two verbs, yes, two verbs, but related to one subject. Or too many subjects, doing one thing. Doing one thing, but in the second example.
Both play a role. You understand? Okay.
Now we will see how AND is used. And a compound sentence contains two independent clauses. When you say independent, that each action is done by someone else. You understand?
Okay. Join by what? Coordinator. We need by coordination.
Coordination. Coordination. Coordination.
We need to coordinate. This needs to be coordinated. Our needs coordination.
Okay. And I give score to what? Coordinator.
You know why it's coordinator? Coordinator because Sheri, I will give you a score for this sentence and I will give you a score for the next sentence. Ah, sequence.
Okay? Okay. Again, the coordinators, those coordinators are one of the fanboys, is a moment, sorry, fanboys, Bo and Norbert Orlin and...
Okay? Whenever we have these words in the sentence preceded by a comma, okay, with a different subject, it is what a comma is. It must be a different.
Let's say here, I try to speak Spanish. I try to speak Spanish. This is a complete idea.
I am the doer of the action. I am the doer of the action. I try to speak English and my friend, ah, another idea, my friend tries to speak English. You understand?
So we have two subjects performing two actions. You understand? Okay, they are coordinating together by using the coordinator and preceded by...
comma preceded by? comma if I say for example I tried to speak Spanish and English it's only one of the sentence although it has two verbs but the subject is the same you understand? yes ok then Alejandro played football so Maria went shopping you have two actions, two subjects Coordinated by the word?
So, preceded by? Come on, this is the compound sentence. Okay? You can write like this. So, Alejandro played football for Maria when shopping.
Okay, so for also here, maybe it's coordinated by music note. And it's for antigen, so it's for a result, for is a, for is a. reason okay you can say this yes a comma is necessary it's not it's obligatory you must put a comma because you have two different ideas with two different actions, with two different people. But they are relevant in the idea. This is why I'm using them in one sentence.
Okay. Comma, I proceed, the arm, so. Yeah, we have comma, then you use the code later. Okay?
We need, it's very necessary to use the comma. Without the comma, it becomes like a list, a series. Okay. It is must. Right?
So, sometimes first quote Yeah, it starts with capital ends with furusob Okay? Yeah, of course. And this one also ends with furusob starts with capital, but we are talking about the internal content. The internal we have two ideas performed by two types of people Okay? Giving the same action but it is performed by two people.
Okay? But these are relevant to each other. Relevant to each other.
Relevant to the idea. And here we are talking about learning languages. By different people. You understand?
Here for example, performing different activities. But they are relevant to each other. Again, here the same.
You understand? Okay. Now...
Let's talk about a complex sentence. The word complex, what does it mean? Complex.
It's complicated. It's a complex sentence. It's a complex sentence.
Compounders Compounds Compounds Different compounds Compounds Compounds Compounds Within one area Closed Full area Anyway, this complex is not a problem. I will explain it to you in simple terms. Sometimes a simple sentence is more complex than a complex sentence.
But it is complex because why it has... uh dependent and independent process this is why it's called complex only you understand okay it's very similar to this type of sentences but the the particles the coordinators are not used Okay, we use other conjunctions. Here we use coordinators, there we use conjunctions. Okay, when you buy conjunctions in Arabic, all of the words are different. And we find more words when we don't have other conjunctions.
That is how we use coordinators. I forgot the ideas. But I have to say conjunctions.
Adawat al-atf. Okay, in Arabic. If you want to study Arabic, right? They are called what? Conjunctions.
Okay, then a complex sentence has two parts. An independent clause joined by one or more dependent clauses. You understand?
Okay, remember the independent? simple sentence so it's the same so we have simple sentence and another independent clause now when we find independent a complex sentence always has what? not a coordinator it's called what? subordinator so here we have coordinators here we have subordinators why it is subordinator? why subordinates?
because they are not subordinates Yes. Now, I will show you how to do this. Okay. Let's start.
Mouhamad, we have something called coordinating and subordinating. Subordinating means to support, to add an idea, to continue the meaning. That's why we call it subordinating.
And we have coordinating that only connects. The fanboys who do this, they do the same thing. Subordinating.
What is subordinating? Complete the meaning. You understand? So, here we have words like, for example, because, since... after, although, etc.
Okay, these words are called what? coordinators. Coordinators and subordinators and their one name conjunctions.
The conjunctions in English consist of either subordinators or subordinators. subordinating conjugations. Musamayat daruriya. Lainu kulkum fi kursi zahra ta'afuha.
You need to learn these things. In syntax. Grammar 2. You need to learn. Look here.
When he handed in his homework, what happened? Incomplete idea. So the sentence or the clause to start with the subordinator is Independent or dependent?
Dependent. Dependent. Okay. So, when he handed in his homework, what happened? He forgot the teacher, he forget what?
He forgot to give the teacher the last page. Now, this sentence is a simple sentence because it has a complete idea. He forgot to give the teacher the last page.
teacher the last page. This is an independent clause, a simple sentence, etc. You understand?
So this is a complete. Now what is the role, what is the job of this simple sentence is to complete, is to support, to subordinate that was, that is the independent clause when. You understand?
So in the end, his homework is for God. Notice that when you have a complex sentence, the verb should be within the same category. If you use simple present here, you need to use simple present here, simple past, simple past, etc. You understand?
Then you ask. Okay? Now, the teacher returned the homework. Complete idea. The teacher returned the homework.
The teacher returns the homework after she notices the error. After she notices the error, the teacher will ask what happened. This is the answer. This is incomplete idea. It is independent clause.
It is independent. Independent. Independent clause. Start with what? Subordinator conjunction.
Okay. Or subordinator or subordinating conjunction. Okay. And the meaning here is completed in the other part of the sentence which is the independent clause. You understand?
Now, okay. The students are studying why? Because they have a test tomorrow. Okay, so these complex sentence, okay, joined by what? By the because, the subordinator, okay, because.
Okay, after they finish studying, Juan and Maria went to the movies. Okay, then Juan and Maria went to the movies after they finished. Notice that, very important, okay. Now, we can convert the two sentences. Ah, the two sentences.
you can say for example the teacher when he handed his homework he forgot to give you can say he forgot to give the teacher the page when he handed in his homework you can convert them this is very important why because and my friend tried to speak English I tried to speak French he's drunk So in compound sentences, you can't start with and, so, and for. While here, it can be converted. This is one major difference between compound and complex sentences.
Another idea here also. So, okay, what is the main idea here? Because of the word because, this sentence is called what?
Reason. Reason? The main idea of this complex sentence is to express...
reason. Here time sequence, adverbial. Here time sequence.
If you have other words for example although, although in this case it is a contrastive. Okay, it is contrast close. Contrast close. You understand?
I am here to study. Is it simple sentence or what? It has two clauses.
The first one is what? I am here. And to study is a purpose closed. A purpose, but we're closed. The question is, why you are here?
To study. So we have two, ah, it's a complex sentence. Although it's very short.
I am here to study. It is a complex sentence. you understand it's not about cleaning something okay although it's very short it is a complex why it has two major ideas contrasted added to each other confronted giving a reason purpose you understand Two is one of these things. Two.
When you write two, and in order to... Two is like after, before, while, although, add to the list. Because this is not a complete list.
You need to go further and find what are other subordinators in English. Okay, we will study them all, the more we can. Okay, this is just an introduction.
Today, I'm just weakening you, okay? I want to ask you a question. I don't know if you understand this, but I want to ask you a question.
I want to ask you a question. I want to ask you a question. God willing, God willing.
You have the chance to speak, right? From now on, from now on, we want to ask you a question. I want to ask you a question.
I want to ask you a question. The simple sentence. We use the subject, some students, like play these verbs. Simple, simple.
No need to send, send. We are not talking about this. We are not talking about this. Instead of this, Juan and Adro have played, are playing, it's just a verb.
Verbs have many forms. Like for example, Juan or Hassan. play, study, play, study. It's still a simple sentence. There is no difference.
The type of the verb, the tense of the verb, has no issue in deciding on the time okay we get a simple sentence again this is the present past present no problem Okay, just sentence with different answers. In the complex sentence we might not always use the comma, yeah? In what?
The comma, we might not use it. Here? No, no, in the complex sentence. Ah, now what... one important idea here, now if the support data come in the middle, no need for the comma.
No need for the comma. But if you fronting them, fronting them, if you use after, for example, at the beginning, we need a comma. We need?
When do you use the word, when the place of speech is not the place? For example, I saw you yesterday. What do you think of that? I love you yesterday, not the place.
The first thing you do is to put your hands on the floor. You are not supposed to do that. You are supposed to put your hands on the floor.
You are supposed When he handed, he forgot. It's normal to say that the teacher will come in the middle. The teacher tells the homework when...
I don't know. But if you give me the importance, I say, After she noticed the error, comma, we continue. So if the subordinator is in the middle, we don't need any commas. If you use the subordinator at the beginning of the sentence, you use comma.
If you use it in the middle, no need for the comma. Okay? Don't put before because in the middle of the comma.
Otherwise you will think it's a compound. Only the compound words, the bad boys, come after the comma. When they start.
Before you place the... synchronous, it makes the synchronous. Yeah, it's called fronting. Front, front mirror, back or rear mirror, front, in the front, chain front. Front all.
Fronting. When you front something, you need a comma. If you front after, you need a comma.
Yesterday, comma. Like if I front after, I'm going to delete after or what? No, you don't have to delete anything.
You just front them. Here, when you put after... at the beginning in the middle after the same but moving together moving together at the front right you need a comma or you don't need it make it clear yesterday I saw you in the yesterday passive voice, which is the object at the beginning?
the the I say for example Toyota is made in Japan Japan makes Toyota I think it's a good thing This medicine was produced in Europe. Ahmed Khalid Saeed discovered it. He was a doctor in the same exam.
No, no, no, I'm just talking about the voice. I'm just talking about the object. It's not that I'm talking about the words.
No, the order is made in... this production is made in... Anyway.
But you have to know the front end. You have to know the front end. Okay?
With the interior syntax, you will understand. You will understand the front end. Okay.
Next, the end. So I get the simple compound with a complex. It has many types in terms of the structure, not in terms of the, in terms of the coordinators. coordinators or complete or all of them all of the three types structures or sentence have many types some sentences are declarative some of them are imperative interrogative or exclamatory okay whether they are simple compound but complex okay for example here we say declare what do you find declare of war declaration means what? statement statement