Javelin Missile System Overview

Overview

This lecture covers the structure, operation, firing process, and armor-piercing mechanism of the Javelin anti-tank missile system, emphasizing its components and effectiveness against modern tanks.

Javelin Missile Components

• The Javelin FGM-148 is an anti-tank missile that locks onto targets using infrared imaging.
• The missile has seven main parts: sensors, precursor charge, guidance system, main charge, main flight motor, stabilizing fins, and launch motor.
• The precursor charge defeats reactive armor, while the main charge destroys armored targets.
• The launch motor provides initial ejection, followed by the main flight motor for propulsion.

Command Launch Unit (CLU)

• The CLU is a reusable aiming device with three viewing modes for detecting and engaging targets.
• It is detachable and can serve as a standalone thermal sight.
• The launch tube assembly protects the missile and allows quick attachment to the CLU.
• The system’s dimensions are about 1.1 meters long with a warhead weighing 8.4 kg.

Firing Process

• The CLU has an "off" and "night" mode; infrared detectors must cool for up to three minutes before use.
• The left hand grip allows switching between 4x and 9x sights, and toggling between day/night imaging.
• The seeker is activated by holding a dedicated trigger, initiating target lock.
• The right hand grip selects firing trajectory: "direct" or "top attack" modes.
• The missile can be ready to fire within 30 seconds and reload in under 20 seconds.

Defeating Reactive Armor

• Reactive armor explodes to disrupt incoming warheads.
• The precursor charge detonates the reactive armor, clearing the way for the main warhead.
• The main charge then penetrates the tank's hull without obstruction.

Warhead Functionality

• The Javelin uses a shaped charge with a metal liner that forms a high-speed jet to penetrate armor.
• It can pierce 600–800 mm of armor.
• Maximum standard range is 2,500 meters, with variants reaching 4,750 meters.
• The soft launch allows for firing from enclosed spaces with minimal recoil.

Operational Use and Export

• The U.S. is the primary operator, joined by 22 other countries.
• Each missile costs about $250,000.
• Recently, large numbers have been exported, significantly impacting modern warfare.

Key Terms & Definitions

• Command Launch Unit (CLU) — The reusable targeting and firing device for the Javelin missile.
• Precursor Charge — A small explosive that neutralizes reactive armor.
• Main Charge — The primary warhead designed to destroy the target.
• Shaped Charge — A warhead with a hollow cavity that forms a jet of metal on detonation to pierce armor.
• Soft Launch — Launch mechanism minimizing recoil, allowing safe use from enclosed spaces.
• Reactive Armor — Tank armor that detonates on impact to disrupt warheads.

Action Items / Next Steps

• Review the firing procedure steps and missile component roles.
• Study the mechanism of shaped charges and how they defeat reactive armor.