this is a fuel injector it sprays gasoline into your engine and it's just one out of 94 parts that make up an engine well more specifically that make up the Honda D15 engine in this video we're going to assemble a D15 and along the way explain each and every individual part that goes into it from the obvious like the Pistons to the slightly more obscure the valve spring retainers do you know every single part that goes into an engine well you're about to let's start start with the basics a piston is attached to connecting rod via a wrist pin on the bottom of the connecting rod is a crankshaft bearing this minimizes wear and allows the connecting rod to rotate smoothly when attached to the crankshaft a rod cap holds the other end the connecting rod onto the crankshaft completing the connection now as the Piston moves down the inside of a cylinder it draws in an air fuel mixture the Piston compresses that mixture which is then ignited by a spark plug the resulting combustion pushes the piston back down and then as it returns to top it pushes out exhaust gases and the cycle continues sucking in air and fuel compressing it igniting it and then pushing out the exhaust and that process is what gets the crankshaft spinning which spins the transmission which spins the drive shaft which spins your wheels okay so that's the basics out of the way but to cover each and every part that goes into this engine we're going to have to break it down into six systems the rotating assembly that's the central mechanical system at work timing a lot is going on inside an engine and those moving pieces need to work in unison cooling engines want to get hot so you need a system to keep them from overheating air flow if you want to burn fuel you need oxygen in the equation electrical whether it's a modern car or a 50-year-old beater a functioning engine needs a functioning electrical system and finally and maybe most obviously fueling okay so in order for compression and combustion to take place we need a strong sealed combustion chamber that is our engine block and it forms the cylindrical walls of the chamber while piston rings mounted on the outside of the Piston ensure a Tight Seal now in our case the top two rings are called compression rings and they form a seal between the piston and the cylinder wall while the third ring called an oil control ring distributes a thin layer of oil on the cylinder so the Piston can move smoothly up and down now inside the block are various coolant and oil passages called galleries to help keep the engine cool and lubricated looking at the engine block upside down you can see the semicircular cutouts that will house the crankshaft which are fitted with crankshaft bearings and two thrust bearings that prevent the crankshaft from sliding back and forth okay good job boys that's pretty cool now we have a quick word from our sponsor today which is Mother's but you guys can work on getting the Pistons put in while I go to the little boy room okay I got to take a leak bad timing what's that oh it's the odor eliminator and refresher from today's sponsor mother's polish it'll destroy 99% of odors from your car talking mildew pet smells old food anything really how it work you start the car close the windows turn the AC to Max cold set the fan to high and make sure recirculate is on give the can a good Shake put it in the cup holder press the Locking lever and get out in just 15 minutes It'll smell like like a brand new car yeah but how does it really work h m or 9:00 Focus all power on the vents I love the smell of new car in the morning just hang on the mission's almost over I I did good didn't I you deodorized the hell Adam Soldier no you know I have no idea it just does in the fight against car stink mother's odor eliminator and refresher stands Victorious click the link below to get your car back to Fresh okay looking good boys all right now let's pick up the pace a little bit holding the crankshaft is a crankshaft support bracket which uses little Preston Dow pins to stay perfectly aligned a rear main seal inside the rear main seal housing keeps oil from leaking out of the back of the engine if you own a car from the the '90s this is leaking right now in your driveway go check it out I'll wait I'll wait see I told you now the front main seal is actually situated in the oil pump and the oil pump is directly powered by the crankshaft as it spins the oil is forced through the galleries constantly lubricating all of the engine's components it is also sent through the oil filter which catches any contaminates in the oil before getting to those important components now feeding the oil pump is the oil pickup tube which draws oil from the oil pan Which is kept sealed with the oil pan gasket now the oil pan is often times called the oil sump and it's where you'll find the oil drain plug which lets you drain oil before you do a change this thing right here drive-thru oil shops hate these things okay let's flip the engine over to get ourselves a proper perspective because the engine is translating the up and down motion of the Pistons into a rotational motion that rotational motion of the engine it can get a little jerky so a flywheel is attached to the back of the crankshaft to help smooth out some of the engine's rotational motion the flywheel is cast with teeth along the outside of it and those hook up with a starter motor that's just a small electric motor that gets the engine spinning before combustion can take over all right so that covers most of the rotating assembly but a lot of the action in the engine occurs at the top of the combustion chamber in the engine's head now this mounts on top of the engine block with a head gasket ensuring you got a Tight Seal not only does the head seal off the top of the combustion chamber it also houses all of the intricate pieces that control air flow yeah a lot of pieces that includes things like the intake and exhaust valves which let fresh air into the combustion chamber and lets waste dashes out the valves are held closed by valve springs which are held in place with valve spring retainers the valves are pushed open using the cam shaft and our engine we just have a single camshaft controlling both intake and exhaust but other engines could have up to four camshafts and the cam shaft is made up of offset loes so as the cam shaft spins which is inside the cam shaft bearings those loes push on rocker arms which pivot on a rocker arm shaft and push on the valve the valve runs through a valve stem seal to keep that oil lubricating this whole assembly and keep it inside the combustion chamber so as we spin the cam shaft you can see how the loes push P against the valve assembly and the valves open and they close now when assembled the entire valve assembly looks like this okay cool now let's put the head on the engine but where did the engine go oh good job good thinking now let's get that head on okay so we want to make sure that air is going into the engine at the right time and exhaust is leaving the engine at the right time you wouldn't want a valve opening in the middle of a combustion stroke so in order to synchronize the timing of the valves to match the timing of the Pistons we can just synchronize the rotation of the cam shaft with the rotation of the crankshaft so to do that we need a few gears and a timing belt a cam gear is mounted to the end of the cam shaft to time the cams and a crankshaft gear is mounted to the end of the crankshaft to drive the cam shaft but the timing belt doesn't just turn the cam gear it also powers the water pump which is responsible for sending coolant throughout the engine block to prevent it from overheating and we're going to come back to Cooling in just a minute but first we need to keep tension in the timing belt using a timing belt tensioner and the way we link our cam gear our crankshaft gear and our water pump gear together so that everything is in time is by using a timing belt now to prevent any dust or other things debris getting into those ples we need a timing belt cover and then on top of our precious valve assembly is protected by valve cover now that the valve controlling our air intake and exhaust are in time and the motion of the Pistons is in time we need to ensure that the combustions happen in time as well so like we mentioned earlier each combustion is set off by a spark plug now unfortunately the 12 volts from a car battery isn't sufficient for a spark plug to create an art so an ignition coil uses induction to increase the voltage from 12 volts to something like 40,000 volts in our case the ignition coil is found inside a distributor which makes sure each each spark plug Fires at the correct time via the rotor the end of the rotor receives electrical current from the ignition coil so as the cam shaft spins the rotor spins and it comes in and out of contact with four terminals in the distributor cap as it touches those terminals an electric current is sent to a corresponding spark plug via a spark plug wire and that is what Sparks and ignites our air fuel mixture to create combustion now with all those Sparks going off thousands of time a minute we need to keep the battery charged with an alternator now the alternator is held in place by an alternator bracket and an alternator tensioner inside the alternator that is where all the magic is happening an electric current is induced by spinning an electromagnet that electromagnet is spun by the alternator pulley now driving that pulley is a harmonic balancer sometimes this would just be a crankshaft pulley but our pulley is integrated into the balancer which helps dampen vibrations in that rotating assembly and the way we get the alternator pulley spinning is by means of an alternator belt now with all those little explosions going off every second engines they can get hot like really hot and since the crankshaft is always spinning the water pump will always be spinning as well but sometimes like in cold weather you actually want the engine to warm up a bit so this coolant pipe exiting the pump leads to a thermostat housing which houses the thermostat so the thermostat is technically a valve that slowly opens and closes depending on the coolant temperature when the coolant is cold the thermostat closes and the coolant is redirected back to the engine to keep warming up as the coolant heats up the thermostat opens directing the coolant out of coolant hoses making its way to the front of the car where it enters the radiator and attached to the radiator is a cooling fan which helps dissipate the heat into the air before the coolant returns back to the engine now throughout this process as coolant heats up it expands so the radiator cap allows that expansion to happen at a set pressure that the pressure gets too much spring in the cap compresses where coolant will flow over into the coolant reservoir now for an engine to run properly the ratio of air to fuel and combustion chamber is absolutely critical so we need control the air flow going to the engine's intake ports right here now starting from outside the car air goes through the air filter which is in the air filter housing now this gets rid of any major contaminants before going through the air intake pipe and pass the throttle body now the throttle body houses a butterfly valve that is controlled by the gas Bel and it determines how much air gets into the engine the more air the more fuel the faster you can go the throttle body connects to the intake manifold which splits apart into four runners one for each cylinder in the engine next to the throttle body is the idle air control valve it's a little bypass valve that can allow more or less air to flow into the intake manifold to compensate for different air temperatures and densities and that helps maintain a smooth idle speed speed now after combustion the exhaust gases from each cylinder converge into an exhaust manifold and then they go through a front pipe into a catalytic converter a freaking thieves favorite part of a car where chemical reaction converts really bad emissions into only kind of bad emissions that exhaust gas flows through your exhaust pipe reaching the muffler which quies everything down and then finally out the tail pipe now some of the combustion might actually get past the piston rings and into the crank case and in that case the gases will be routed through the PCV system which stands for positive crank case ventilation this includes an oil separator which is just a box with baffles to ensure only the blow by gases escape a PCV valve which is just a one-way valve and a hose that leads back to the intake manifold that way any potential harmful fumes will have a chance to get burned up during combustion okay so where we at we uh covered rotating assembly timing cooling air flow they're just two main pieces left in this puzzle next up we need to talk about the brains of the car the electrical control unit or ECU so the ECU manages nearly all of the electrical functions in your car it also processes signals from various sensors to optimize engine performance some sensors are just position sensors that tell the ECU the timing of everything like the crankshaft position sensor the cylinder position sensor and the throttle position sensor other sensors let the ECU know information about the elements moving through the engine like the coolant temperature sensor the intake air temperature sensor and the O2 sensor that lets the ECU know how much unburnt oxygen is in the exhaust the manifold absolute pressure sensor or map lets the ECU know how much air is getting to the cylinders and all of those sensors are linked together by the wiring harness okay we're almost there we cover the rotating assembly the timing system the intake and exhaust the electrical the cooling and the lubrication systems only thing missing from our engine is the fueling as you can guess the fuel starts in the fuel tank gets sucked up by the fuel pump which includes a fuel filter to keep out some of the larger contaminants and that pump sends it down fuel lines until it hits the fuel rail at the end of the fuel rail is a fuel pressure regulator to maintain the correct fuel pressure with any excess being sent back to the tank via the fuel return line the fuel you want it goes through the injector spraying fuel into the combustion chamber so that your engine can run and that is every yeah we're missing an ejector here you go and that is every single part of an engine explained in 14 minutes and 37 seconds thank you guys so much for watching this and everything else at donut we'll see you next time byebye all right really good it's back to school time and guess what Donuts got you covered with our brand new back to school collection this is our brand new multi- patch backpack it's got two pockets and it's full of stuff let's check it out new logo iridescent 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