Computer Basics Course Summary

Jul 28, 2024

Computer Basics Course Notes

Course Overview

  • Designed for beginners and those wanting to fill in gaps in knowledge
  • Variety of topics covered
  • Developed by GCFglobal.org

What is a Computer?

  • Definition: An electronic device that manipulates information (data).
  • Data represented as ones and zeros (binary).
  • Combines data into complex forms (photos, movies, websites, games).

Components of a Computer

  • Hardware: Physical parts (internal & external), e.g., monitor, keyboard.
  • Software: Instructions that tell hardware what to do (e.g., web browsers, media players).

Types of Computers

  • Personal Computers: Desktops, laptops (portable).
    • Operating Systems:
      • Windows (common)
      • Mac OS
      • Chrome OS
      • iOS / Android (smartphones)
  • Other Types: TVs, game consoles, appliances (with computers).
  • Servers: Deliver information to other computers on networks.

Common Buttons and Ports

  • Power Button: Location varies based on device type.
  • USB Ports: For connecting devices (keyboards, printers).
  • Monitor Port: Connect external monitors (e.g., HDMI).
  • Ethernet Port: Wired internet connection.
  • Audio Jack: For headphones/speakers.
  • Disk Drive: For inserting CDs, DVDs, or Blu-ray disks.

Basic Computer Setup

Desktop Components

  • Computer Case: Holds main components (often tower cases).
  • Monitor: Displays images using video processor.
  • Keyboard & Mouse: For interaction.
  • Laptop: All components combined (built-in keyboard, touchpad).

Important Internal Components

  • Motherboard: Circuit board that connects all components.
  • CPU (Processor): "Brain" of the computer.
  • RAM: Short-term memory (cleared off when powered down).
  • Hard Drive & SSD: Long-term storage.
  • Power Supply Unit: Powers components; laptops have batteries.

Choosing Between Desktop and Laptop

  • Portability: Laptops are lightweight; desktops are stationary.
  • Screen Size: Desktops usually offer larger monitors.
  • Built-in Features: Laptops come with touchpads; desktops offer customizable components.

Operating Systems (OS)

  • Function: Interface for user interaction with hardware.
  • Common OS: Windows, Mac OS, iOS, Android.
  • Check OS compatibility before downloading applications.

Applications (Apps)

  • Definition: Software programs that perform tasks.
  • Types: Mobile apps (smartphones/tablets) and desktop apps (computers).
  • Examples: Google Maps, Microsoft Word, web browsers.

Steps to Set Up a Desktop Computer

  1. Unpack and arrange components.
  2. Connect monitor cable (HDMI, VGA).
  3. Plug in keyboard & mouse (USB or wireless).
  4. Connect speakers/headphones.
  5. Plug power cables into the outlet (use surge protector).

Connecting to the Internet

  • Options:
    • Dial-up: Slow, uses phone line
    • DSL/Cable: Faster broadband options
    • Fiber: Fastest, but might not be available everywhere
    • Cellular: 4G, LTE, & 5G for smartphones & homes.
  • Internet Service Provider (ISP): Guide through setup.

Setting Up a Wireless Network

  • Requires a wireless router connected to the modem.
  • Set network name (SSID) and password.

Cloud Storage

  • Definition: Files saved on internet servers instead of local devices.
  • Benefits: Access files from anywhere, collaboration, automatic backup services (e.g., Google Docs, Dropbox).

Cleaning Your Computer Properly

  • Cleaning Method: Always turn off/unplug devices.
  • Keyboard: Shake upside down; use compressed air; wipe with cloth moistened with alcohol.
  • Mouse: Optical mice need minimal cleaning; for mechanical mice, clean tracking ball.
  • Monitor: Wipe with a soft cloth moistened with water, no direct spraying.

Computer Safety

  • Malware: Use antivirus programs (e.g., Norton, Kaspersky).
  • Regular Updates: Keep antivirus and OS updated.
  • Backup Regularly: Use external drives or online backup services (e.g., iDrive, Carbonite).

Ergonomics

  • Keyboard Position: Wrists should be straight; consider ergonomic keyboards.
  • Monitor Distance: Keep 20-40 inches away; eye level for comfort.
  • Breaks: Follow 20-20-20 rule to reduce strain (look at something 20 feet away for 20 seconds every 20 minutes).

Internet Browsing Safety

  • Check URLs: Ensure you're visiting legitimate sites.
  • Phishing Awareness: Don't click links in suspicious emails.
  • Secure Browsing: Look for padlock icons for secure connections; update browsers regularly.

Tracking and Privacy

  • Cookies: Used for tracking browsing habits; can be managed in browser settings.
  • Digital Profiles: Companies use data to tailor ads, raise privacy concerns.

Navigating Windows and OS X

Windows Interface

  • Desktop, taskbar, Start button
  • Open/close windows, manage multiple windows.

OS X Interface

  • Menu bar, dock, Finder for file access.
  • Close applications via the menu or dock.

Conclusion

Understanding these basics will enhance your ability to use computers effectively and conduct various tasks online safely, ensuring a smooth and productive digital experience.