Anatomy Terms of Movement

Welcome to Medicosus Perfectionatus, where medicine makes perfect sense! In this lecture, we discuss the terms of movement in anatomy. Understanding these terms is crucial as anatomy is not just a science but a language.

Key Concepts

• Anatomy Definition
  • Ana: Up
  • Tomi: To cut
  • Anatomy literally means "to cut you up" or "to dissect you."

Terms of Movement

Flexion vs. Extension

• Flexion
  • Bending of a joint.
  • Examples: Elbow flexion, shoulder flexion, hip flexion.
  • Technical definition:
    • Approximation of two ventral surfaces.
    • Decreases the angle between the two body parts.
    • Assumes a fetal position.
• Extension
  • Straightening of a joint.
  • Reverse of flexion.
  • Increases the angle between the two body parts.
  • Assumes a position opposite to the fetal position.

Special Situations

• Flexion of the Thumb
  • Moving inwards (medially towards the midline).

Abduction vs. Adduction

• Abduction
  • Movement away from the median plane of the body.
• Adduction
  • Movement towards the median plane of the body.
• Digits (Fingers/Toes)
  • Abduction: Digits move away from each other.
  • Adduction: Digits move closer to each other.

Rotation

• Internal (Medial) Rotation
  • Rotation towards the midline of the body.
• External (Lateral) Rotation
  • Rotation away from the midline of the body.

Supination vs. Pronation

• Unique to the forearm.
• Supination
  • Palm facing upwards; radius parallel to ulna.
• Pronation
  • Palm facing downwards; radius crosses over ulna.

Clinical Implications

• Embryological Rotation
  • Upper and lower extremities rotate in opposite directions during development.
  • Flexion: Elbow moves forwards/upwards; Knee moves backwards/upwards.
• Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis)
  • Affects flexor surfaces: front of elbow, back of knee.

Pulse Palpation

• Radial Pulse
  • Located lateral to the ulna.
  • Palpated with three fingers.
  • Important for checking rate, rhythm, volume, and equality.

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