hey guys nurse Mike here and welcome to simplenursing.com now before we get today's lecture started please remember to access your free quiz and preview our cool Nifty new study guides not here on YouTube click the link right up here at any time during this video all right guys let's begin hey guys Mike Laris here and welcome to simplenursing.com today we're talking about electrolytes or electric lights electrolytes are found in the fluids and they light up your body with this Electric energy so I call them the underwater electric disco dance party of the body because please remember this one token of information where fluids flow electrolytes go electrolytes are ions that are found in your body fluids they help to conduct electricity and energy which helps control body fluids and maintain homeostasis this balance of the body basically they help the body send messages from cell to cell nerve to nerve and organ to organ kind of like little paper boys relaying vital messages all over the body so without them your body your brain and basically your life would cease to function so today we'll be going over three things first of all what disrupts electrolyte function secondly which foods have the most electrolytes something that select all that apply questions love to ask you on your nursing tests and also third electrolyte values and priorities laboratory values that you will be tested on like for sure also priority signs and symptoms nursing assessments as well as those crucial nursing interventions basically everything that you should have highlighted in your book so I'm taking the guesswork out of it and highlighting the book for you we're only covering the most important things that love to show up on nursing exams and ultimately the UB now as mentioned before electrolytes help you pass electricity to the brain and to the nerves but mainly used in our skeletal muscles helping them to squeeze and contract from the muscles in the heart to the muscles in our deep tendons even to the muscles in your intestinal tract also known as your GI track now if you ever played sports or even talked to a personal trainer at the gym you probably heard something about electrolytes even a coach has probably told you you got to drink your Gatorade to increase electrolytes and even team moms will give out oranges at baseball games to increase electrolytes and this whole time you're probably been thinking what the heck are electrolytes well electrolytes again are found mainly in the fluids of your body because wherever fluids flow well electrolytes go and since your body is around 60 to 70% water while your electrolytes play a key role in making sure your body is moving and grooving smoothly therefore it is vital to keep these electrolytes in Balance now we have two terms for balance in medical terminology therapeutic range and homeostasis so guys let's break this down therapeutic range is the range of concentration at which a drug is most effective with least Toxic effect to the patient so when a nurse gives K riters or basically pottassium as IV piggyback it's technically a medication that needs to bring the body back into that normal range that therapeutic range our second term is homeostasis the state of equilibrium or balance that is maintained by a self regulating process in the body or in other words it's the Teeter Totter balancing act that your body does every single minute of every single day to make sure you're in Balance woo that sounds like a lot of hard work the electrolytes are doing a great job so I just want to say from the bottom of my myocardium thank you electrolytes okay now that we've learned a little bit about what electrolytes do and how your body loves to keep them in that narrow range of balance called home stasis let's introduce our six most famous electrolytes like movie stars down a red carpet or in this case a red blood vessel actually we have a correspondent in the field Magic Mike are you with us yes Michael we're here at the Red Carpet known as the red blood vessel and oh boy it's a busy one we're all here just anxiously awaiting and anticipating the presence of the Annoying electrolytes and oh my gosh here they come first on the list is King potassium at 3.5 to 5.0 micro equivalents per l leader he is the king of action and contraction especially in the heart and skeletal muscles keeping each muscle cell charged or basically polarized via the sodium pottassium pump his slogan is I'm the king of action and contraction baby he's obtained through your diet via fruits and green leafy vegetables absorbed in the intestine and excreted out of the body and into the body via the bowels and the kidneys he is one cool cat ion King potassium and up next is Miss salty sodium ranging from 136 to 145 bloated beyond belief always followed around by the water Paparazzi because where sodium goes fluid flows now she is also a major cat ion in the extracellular fluid that fluid outside the cell obtained in the diet usually through salty snacks like canned food processed Meats fast food or basically anything a nursing student would eat let's be honest you know it's true absorbed in the small intestine excreted by the kidneys her slogan is I'm a leader never a follower bloated is the new black be true to your salt salt happens but first let me take a salty sodium's two main job functions are to maintain blood volume as well as blood pressure and also to keep pH balances she's kind of a big deal sodium is regulated by the ADH hormone anti-diuretic hormone also known as ad the H2O because it holds water in the body elderone hormone we call OST tyone the security bouncer in the kidneys holds on to fluid by basically holding salt back and lastly she works very closely with potassium in the sodium potassium pump which helps energize every cell in your body and also buffers out acid base inbalances now that was kind of quick we go into full detail in the full videos at simplenursing.com so please don't worry Miss salty sodium salty of sodium over here please please we have some questions about your recent takeover of the coupling noodle soup Corporation what is your relationship with Mr King potassium sources tell us sodium and King pottassium are deeply involved in what is known as the sodium pottassium pump Affair up next is Mr lawn order himself Magnum magnesium weighing in at 1.3 to 2.1 he's the new sheriff in town big Magnum magnesium here to keep Law and Order In the muscles of your body without mag we have complete chaos complete Disorder so obviously his slogan is there's a new sheriff in town do you feel lucky punk well do you obtained through the diet via the spinach almonds and yogurt absorbed in the small intestine and excreted by the kidneys once again he's a man with many jobs but his main job function is to keep Law and Order in the muscles via protein synthesis nerve function as well as blood sugar control now magnesium loves to flirt or stimulate the parathyroid hormone which regulates calcium levels inside the cell so obviously his BFF best fan forever is Mr calcium hence he is required for calcium and vitamin D absorption which fights tooth decay on The Daily by binding calcium to that tooth enamel you mean right here or uh right here I love you mag up next is the cocky jerk himself Ki kelum from Muscle Beach California weighing in at 9.0 to 10.5 he's the most abundant cat ion in the human body 99% found in bones his slogan is the bow one brother he's obtained through the diet from fruits and veggies almonds and dairy products but mainly green leafy vegetables absorbed in the small intestine excreted by the kidneys Now sources tell us he has a love affair with vitamin D some sort of absorption web of lust and lies now since he's a strong dude obviously his main job functions is to make things strong so guys remember the 3B strong bones strong blood and strong beets strong blood from facilitating blood clotting and strong beets in the heart anyways he helps build job functions for his best bud is BFF Forever Magnum magnesium often when magnesium is low calcium fills in for his Best Bud's absence as treatment of choice man what a good friend filling in for his best bud when he's away lastly he is regulated by the three hormones in the endocrine system the pth parathyroid hormone which in increases calcium concentration in the blood the calcitonin hormone which does the opposite and decreases that blood calcium by putting a ton of calcium into the bone get it like calcione in a ton into the bone and third one calcitrol which controls the release of calcitonin basically it reverses that ton of calcium in the bone and relases it back into the blood and up next wait uh could it be oh dear it's co calcium's worst enemy friendly frat boy phosphat at 3.0 to 4.5 he's calcium's worst enemy now calum's always ripping on this guy bulling friendly phospate because he's so darn friendly they are complete opposite and always work inversely so whenever calcium's High well phosphate is low and vice versa they don't get along like at all and I think honestly because it's like cocky calcium is all wrapped up in himself being like a big jerk and phosphates all like a falicia absorbed in the small intestine and excreted by the kidneys phosphates main function is to help bones and teeth formation and repair cell tissues lastly phosphate is regulated by the same things that regulate calcium so the pth parathyroid hormone which controls calcium remember calcium and phosphate work inversely so if one's High well the other one's low last but not least on our list is Miss foury chloride leveling in at 98 to 106 she's missed salty sodiums for forgotten sister named chloride now everyone calls her forde chloride because she's a super nerd always behind the scenes and always going unnoticed kind of like a ghost she's always following around her super salty sister star and always in her Shadow secretly jelly of all our Superstar stat hm almost like the drama a reality TV show family would have huh what was their name it's that famous family's name you know like was it okay bashian sard dasian Clash Osborne's that's what it she's obtained through the diet in the same places that salt is because obviously she follows her big sister around so guys seaweed sea salt table salt and tomatoes and olives are basically anything that's processed absorbed in the small intestine and excreted from the body into the potty via the kidneys chloride main function is to help her sister salty sodium so chloride functions in a very similar way sodium does maintaining the blood volume blood pressure and the pH balance of your fluid all right guys that wraps it up here for Magic Mike Michael back to you in the studio okay now that we know all the electrolytes and their values how are we going to memorize all these values well let me show you a little trick in this next little segment I call the memorization trick for electrolyte values but caution about these values hospitals will differ from the ranges and even textbooks and workbooks will sometimes differ but these values listed here in this video have have been taken and verified by over 12 textbooks and referenced from accredited nursing school curriculum so put that in your brain and test it but be cautious if by chance the textbook that your school is using uses a different set of numbers than listed here in this video then guys use your textbook and use your school's values just to be safe for your exam now for your next test and ultimately the enlex you must know these electrolyte values and there's no other way of really getting around it but to memor Miz it kind of like a phone number so here's a little trick that's helped over 400,000 nursing students just like you pass their tests from years past I call it our checkin and checkout method so step number one is you write out these values at least 10 times before you study this is called the check in method then guys you write them out 10 times again after you study for the day that's the checkout it literally takes 5 to 10 minutes and trust me when you get to your test or the enlex you're going to thank me that you did this so once again guys 10 times before you study for that day and then 10 times write these values out after you study for the day a total of 20 times every single day you study that week before your electrolyte test because ultimately you must know these values like the back of your hand hey wait a minute when when did I get that mole there okay now let's get a little deeper into your electrolyte and what influences the balance of them this is what instructors and the enclex will expect you to know so trust me it's very important okay now that we covered our memorization tricks for electrolytes let's go over all the most important food sources something that select all that apply questions love to ask now one thing nursing students forget all the time is that you can only get electrolytes from sources outside the body so your body cannot create or produce any electrolytes naturally we have to either eat them down in their Source like fruits or veggies and others or drink them down like Pedialyte Gatorade or coconut water which are very popular electrolyte drinks or Ivy pump them in like with normal saline potassium chloride and even lactator ringers which has electrolytes but caution except for salty sodium because that's really mainly found in like canned foods and processed meats or cheeses and fast foods or basically anything a normal nursing student would eat wait wait so how exactly does sodium enter the body I don't know this electrolyte stuff is confusing okay now let's get into specific electrolyte rich foods now first of all potassium everyone always thinks bananas are the most potassium rich food but avocados and a big one green leafy vegetables like spinach which is a huge keyword for the enlex that green leafy veggie for some reason guys this always has the most electrolytes mainly potassium and also it has vitamin K which is a blood clotter but for some reason the enlex and select all that apply questions love to ask these questions questions like which food would you give to your hypoc calmic patients or basically your low potassium patient and then it says select all that apply now guys the keyw is usually green leafy or some type of fruit next is sodium from salty snacks like canned foods processed meats or processed cheeses and even fast foods lots of foods have salt guys nearly everything on the shelves that are in a package has a lot of sodium it's really not hard to obtain it's actually harder to avoid next is magnesium obtained from spinach almonds yogurt and again with those green leafy veggies next is calcium and green leafy veggies again also almonds and oranges dairy products like cheeses and yogurt but guys calcium is not just milk and dairy products I know everyone says drink your milk increase your calcium but green leafy vegetables is actually a better source of calcium than milk next is phosphate you have the three WIS men Dairy meats and beans it's someone say beans lastly we have chloride which is super simple because it's found mainly where salt is present it's also the main ingredient in salt substitutes along with pottassium too H very interesting okay now that we've covered how to get electrolytes in let's go over how we get them out which makes us end up feeling weak and fatigue and hating life kind of feeling like nurse in school so let's get into it now as far as electrolyte depleters there are two main exit doors where electrolytes leave the body and go into the potty so we use our Nifty acronym vpps vomiting pooing peeing and sweating so let's start with vomiting now we've all done it before and well your digestive tra also called your GI tract your stomach and intestines have tons of electrolytes stored in them so vomiting or diarrhea or excess dma drainage like with a colostomy will drain your electrolytes very very quickly peeing or urinating or basically your urinary tract from your kidneys or fancier words for renals and nephrons down to your bladder and out your urethra because guys electrolytes are in the blood and the blood is filtered by the kidneys also called the washer machines of the body that wash your blood kind of like a little car wash for your red blood cells lastly we have sweating like when in the gym or running to class or right before your last nursing exam wait wait wait wait wait wait wa what we never covered this in class I should have been an Instagram model sodium also called salt comes out during the sweating process it's also called insensible losses this happens big time with patients with heat exhaustion fever from sepsis or a process called diaphoresis also known as per few sweating basically Big Time serious sweating lastly a little side note even burn patients lose a lot of fluid and electrolytes together in the same kind of process of fluid loss so the big takeaway Point here to wrap all this up is to remember electrolytes reside in fluid because where fluids flow electrolytes go so let's critically think here let's say you threw up from having a bad burrito or let's say you're running a marathon using your muscles Vig iously and sweating way too much or you went to brunch because you passed your final exam and you ordered one too many mimosas or Bloody Marys or martinis and ended up urinating a lot because let's face it alcohol is a diuretic which makes you pee or let's say if you have massive diarrhea from food poisoning ooh you nasty well you're probably going to feel very very weak and probably start having headaches feeling lethargic or fatigue because your muscles are now weak and now you're beginning to experience the signs and symptoms of an electrolyte imbalance okay so now that we understand what depletes electrolytes in the body let's go over two very confusing terms that students usually get wrong all the time on their nursing exams and the enlex we're talking hemodilution and hemoconcentration okay one last concept about depleted electrolytes hemo dilution or as I say hemo diloted electrolytes because it means that your electrolytes are low because they're so diluted now this confuses the heck out of some students before their big exam but it's pretty simple hemo dilution is a decreased concentration of solutes in the blood resulting from an increase of fluid basically fancier words for your labs are very low and liquidy so let me give you an example here we all know that drinking water is a good thing right but have you ever heard the saying that too much of one thing is kind of a Bad Thing One More well your body loves balance this homeostasis your body doesn't like extremes it wants to maintain that even level not too much of one thing let's take for example a glass of lemonade that has just the right amount of sugar just the right amount of lemon and just the right amount of water yummy this is exactly like your blood it has just the right amount of electrolytes just the right amount of blood products and just the right amount of water H2O right all right now let's imagine we dump a whole gallon of water into this lemonade well what do you think's going to happen is it going to taste sweet or is it going to taste diluted well it'll be diluted right not as sweet not as lemony more like a bland tasted water down piece of dooo right this is what's called hemo dilution we still have all the right ingredients just too much fluid basically showing all the lab values to be less than normal because all of your electrolytes are floating in just this big sea of water they're basically diluted I call these Labs low and liquidy mainly seen in our fluid volume overload patients like renal failure or even heart failure for example just like in my music video on YouTube the metabolic panel hemo dilution is an indication of overhydration basically too much fluids in the blood lymph and Vascular SPAC now the most serious case of hemo dilution is called dilutional hyponatremia basically low sodium in the body now we're going to talk about this next in our sodium series here at simplenursing.com so please stay tuned but first before we move on we have another side to the coin here the same lemonade scenario but now too little fluid remember that same perfect glass of lemonade the right amount of sugar lemon and water now we're just taking out half the water is it going to be super liquidy or super thick well you're right it's going to be thick and syrupy kind of like paste and this is exactly what's happening with are dehydrated patients their thick electrolytes were pile Sky High kind of like a drought and will read high value on their laboratory report so this is why we call them high and dry mainly our fluid volume deficit are dehydrated patients they'll probably get normal sailing and isotonic fluid to balance out those fluid levels so remember this rhyme hemoconcentration is an indication of dehydration there's too much solutes in the blood lymph and vascular spaces electrolytes are that disco dance party of the body that energize your brain nerves and muscles homeostasis is the body being imbalance and all the systems within normal limits therapeutic range was that range at which a substance like medication is working its best not too toxic and not too least effective our key electrolyte players are potassium at 3.5 to 5.0 salty sodium at 1 36 to 145 cocky calcium 9.0 to 10.5 Magnum magnesium 1.3 to 2.1 phosphates at 3.0 to 4.5 and fide chloride at 98 to 106 now the memorization trick write these values out 10 times before and after daily studying the week before your test this will help you huge and you'll than me the day of your test now foods rich in electrolytes it's always going to be fruits and veggies guys so so for pottassium you'll have bananas and green leafy veggies like spinach sodium is a little different story you're going to have table salt canned foods processed meat cheeses fast food pretty much anything you're eating currently right now in nursing school as well as spices or salad dressings and sauces basically anything in a can or package magnesium you'll have spinach almond yogurt and again with the green leafy veggies calcium you'll have milk and cheese almonds and oranges as well as green leafy veggies guys it's not not just Dairy green leafy veggies are actually a better source of calcium now phosphate your three WIS men are your Dairy meats and beans and chloride is so simple because it's found mainly in salty foods but also in Main Ingredients like salt substitute along with potassium too now what depletes electrolyte well remember where fluids flow electrolytes go so vpps vomiting fluid peeing fluid pooping fluid like diarrhea and sweating fluid hemoconcentration rhymes with dehydration so high and dry High lab values and dry body hemo dilution is low in liquidy that Dil loed lab values so low lab values liquidy body seen with our fluid volume overload patients thanks for watching for our full video and new quiz Bank click right up here to access your free trial and please consider subscribing to our YouTube channel last but not least a big thanks to our team of experts helping us make these great videos all right guys guys see you next time [Music]