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Threats of Spyware and Bloatware

Jul 23, 2025

Overview

This lecture explains the threats posed by spyware and bloatware, including how they infect systems, their impact, and methods to detect and remove them.

Spyware: Definition and Risks

  • Spyware is malware that secretly monitors activity on your system.
  • It can display unwanted ads, steal personal data, or commit affiliate fraud using your purchases.
  • Spyware is typically installed via peer-to-peer software, fake security apps, or malicious email links.
  • It monitors your browsing habits and can send this data to an attacker’s server.
  • Some spyware installs key loggers, capturing everything you type, including usernames and passwords.
  • Collected data is sent to attackers, risking privacy and security.

Protecting Against Spyware

  • Antivirus and antimalware software can often detect and block spyware.
  • Only install software from trusted sources to reduce the risk of infection.
  • Some spyware is hard to uninstall and embeds deeply into the operating system.
  • Regularly back up your system to recover if malware is detected.
  • Specialized removal tools like Malwarebytes can help find and remove stubborn spyware.

Bloatware: Issues and Management

  • Bloatware refers to unnecessary applications pre-installed by device manufacturers.
  • These apps take up storage, reduce system efficiency, and may have security vulnerabilities.
  • Bloatware often benefits manufacturers financially but creates issues for users.
  • Some bloatware can be uninstalled via the operating system’s app management.
  • Occasionally, third-party uninstallers are needed to remove persistent bloatware.

Key Terms & Definitions

  • Spyware — Malware that covertly monitors user activity and sends information to attackers.
  • Key Logger — A tool that records every keystroke made on a computer.
  • Bloatware — Pre-installed, unnecessary software on new devices, often included for commercial reasons.

Action Items / Next Steps

  • Run antivirus/antimalware scans regularly.
  • Review and research all software before installing.
  • Check for and remove unnecessary pre-installed applications on new devices.
  • Maintain regular system backups for recovery.