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Christian Vocabulary Overview

Jun 10, 2025

Overview

This set covers key vocabulary from chapters 6-8 for a theology or religion final, including terms about Jesus' life, doctrine, and major Christian beliefs.

Jesus' Life and Titles

  • The Annunciation is when Gabriel told Mary she would bear God's Son.
  • The Nativity refers to the birth of Jesus Christ.
  • The Passion is the suffering of Jesus.
  • Crucifixion is how Jesus was executed, primarily by suffocation.
  • Resurrection is Jesus rising from the dead, never to die again.
  • Ascension is Jesus returning to His Father in heaven.
  • Transfiguration is when Jesus' divine identity was revealed to Peter, James, and John.
  • Messiah and Christ both mean "anointed one."
  • Emmanuel means "God is with us."
  • INRI abbreviates "Jesus of Nazareth, King of Jews."
  • Jesus means "God saves."

Core Christian Doctrines and Events

  • Incarnation is Jesus taking on flesh and becoming human.
  • Trinity is the belief in one God in three persons: Father, Son, Holy Spirit.
  • Paschal Mystery includes Jesus' passion, death, resurrection, and ascension.
  • Parousia refers to the Second Coming of Christ.
  • Redemption is the work of God the Son saving humanity.
  • Sanctification is the Holy Spirit's work to make people holy.
  • Grace is God's gift enabling us to share in His life and love.

Gospel and Scripture Terms

  • Gospel means "Good News" and refers to Jesus' life, teachings, and writings in Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John.
  • Evangelist means a Gospel writer (MT, MK, LK, JN).
  • Synoptic Gospels are Matthew, Mark, and Luke, called so because they present a similar view.
  • Synoptikos is Greek for "seen together."
  • Quelle or Q source is a hypothetical document of Jesus’ sayings used by Matthew and Luke.
  • Miracle is a powerful act or sign of God's Kingdom performed by Jesus.
  • Parable is a short story with a religious message, often with a twist.

Additional Key Terms

  • Blasphemy is expressing hatred or contempt for God or holy things.
  • Gentile is a non-Jewish person.
  • Judah is the tribe of David and Jesus; the southern kingdom (Roman: Judea).
  • Magi are wise men from the East who visited Jesus after his birth.
  • Epiphany celebrates the Magi visiting baby Jesus and Christ’s manifestation.
  • Fiat is Mary’s "yes" to God.
  • Creation refers to God's act of making the world.
  • God's Economy is God's work in the world.
  • Mystery is a reality filled with God's invisible presence.
  • Amen means to strengthen or confirm; "so be it."

Key Terms & Definitions

  • Annunciation — The announcement to Mary that she would be the mother of God's Son.
  • Crucifixion — Execution of Jesus by being nailed to the cross.
  • Resurrection — Jesus rising from the dead.
  • Ascension — Jesus returning to heaven.
  • Incarnation — God becoming human in Jesus.
  • Trinity — One God in three persons.
  • Paschal Mystery — Jesus' passion, death, resurrection, and ascension.
  • Parousia — The Second Coming of Christ.
  • Gospel — The Good News of Jesus’ life and teachings.
  • Synoptic Gospels — Matthew, Mark, Luke, presenting similar accounts.

Action Items / Next Steps

  • Review and memorize all vocabulary terms for the final exam.
  • Study examples of each term in context from class notes or readings.