[Music] in the early 9th century Islam's e regarding health hygiene diet and caring for the sick inspired Islamic rulers to build the most sophisticated hospitals in the [Music] world these hospitals were proof of the glory of Islam they were places of compassion where treatment was given to rich and poor alike and they were Dynamic centers of learning research and invention here Master Physicians surgeons and pharmacists redefine medicine producing an illustrious body of knowledge on Anatomy treatments medicines surgical procedures and tools in doing so they laid the foundation for medical advances in Europe during the Renaissance and Beyond as in many other fields of science Muslim Physicians developed pioneering scientific approaches to the practice of medicine these included the introduction of experimental approaches evidence-based medicine clinical trials and postmortem autopsies while the works of Galan hypocrates Indian Physicians and Greek Scholars initially informed Islamic medicine this body of knowledge was quickly transformed and substantially expanded by the research and experience of the great Muslim Physicians and polymaths so who were these great Islamic minds of medson and what were their breakthrough contributions to this field of [Music] science the first of the greats was alasi a Persian polymath and physician from Iran who was best known for his 20 volume comprehensive book of medson this textbook respected and frequently used in the western World presented insights from hundreds of Al razzi's clinical cases and provided groundbreaking information on diseases like measles and small poox al-razi was also known as the father of Pediatrics and the first physician to introduce urine analysis and stool tests one of the greatest surgeons of the Islamic golden age was Al zahrawi from Cordoba Spain who devoted his life and genius to the advancement of medicine his best work theab Al established the rules of practical medicine and served as a fundamental textbook for centuries to come Al zahawi revolutionized surgery by introducing new surgical procedures and over 200 surgical instruments many of which are still in use today his list of Firsts is extensive including the introduction of cat gut for internal stitching small cat gut Parcels for administering oral drugs the use of soporific sponges as an early form of anesthesia the use of pure alcohol as an antiseptic in wounds the use of bone to replace lost teeth the use of cotton to control bleeding and the use of plaster casts for bone setting ibben Zur born in sevil Spain came from a family of five generations of physicians in his most famous work Al taer he introduced the experimental method to surgery he was the first physician to employ animal testing to experiment with surgical procedures before applying them to human patients and he was one of the first to perform dissections and postmortem oopses on humans and animals born in afshana now was bistan ibben Cena also known as aisen in the West Was A renowned philosopher physician and teacher during his life he composed over 250 medical Publications he wrote the cannon that covered the full expans of medical knowledge at the time making it the most famous medical textbook ever written and the most widely used medical book in both Muslim and European countries it has recently been rated as one of the 50 most influential books ever written the cannon was made up of five books and discussed the general principles and materials of medicine General diseases and diseases related to particular parts of the body traumatic injuries like fractures and dislocations and recipes for remedies in his writing on fractures Ian Cena noted that a fracture should not be splinted immediately but rather on the fifth day the discovery of delayed splintage is generally attributed to a 19th century Western Medical scientist George Perkins Al mail an opthalmologist from 10th Century Iraq designed a hollow needle to remove a cataract by suction an operation that is still carried out today he also wrote the book of choices in the treatment of eye diseases in which he discussed 48 diseases the most famous of all the Muslim opthalmologists was Ali IBN Isa also from 10th Century Baghdad Iraq he wrote The Notebook of the oculist the most complete and authoritative textbook on Opthalmology for centuries describing 130 ey diseases I nafis a Muslim scholar born in Damascus Syria is recognized as one of the greatest Physicians of his time for his breakthrough description of the functioning of the pulmonary blood circulation system from the heart to the lungs the first European to describe the pulmonary circulation was William Harvey of England in 1628 iban al- nafis also described the earliest concept of metabolism and developed new systems of anatomy physiology and [Music] psychology medical advancement and Innovation extended to herbal medicine and pharmacology too many hospitals kept Gardens of herbs for use in medicines Muslim merchants and travelers brought back new raw ingredients and knowledge about their application from all over the Islamic World these new discoveries combined with the scientific medical knowledge of the time resulted in the development of many new medicines Sabor iban Sal in the 9th century was one of the first Physicians to describe a large variety of drugs and remedies for ailments alrai promoted chemical compounds in medson IB Sina described 700 preparations their properties actions and their indications alindi determined drug dosage the basis of medical formulary and alzari pioneered the preparation of medines by sublimation and distillation a progressive age in medine arrived as a result of the outstanding work of these Muslim medical scientists they elevated the field of medicine to a new level of knowledge capacity and rigor and changed the world forever giving to the messes A New Hope of good health they were the architects of a robust academic and experiential Foundation that inspired Renaissance Physicians and brought about a higher standard of living for all [Music] humankind