Overview of ICD-11

The International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) is an updated global system for categorizing physical and mental illnesses, developed by the World Health Organization (WHO). It follows the ICD-10 and is the first update in two decades.

Development and Release

• Release Date: June 18, 2018, with official adoption starting January 1, 2022.
• Development Process: Involved 300 specialists from 55 countries over a decade.
• Usage: For insurance coding, illness tracking, and as a global health tool.

Improvements in ICD-11

Coding Structure

• More sophisticated and detailed than ICD-10, with around 55,000 codes.
• Simpler structure for recording conditions.

International Applicability

• Translations into 43 languages.
• Provides a common coding language for global use.

Digital-Ready and User-Friendly

• Designed for electronic use and machine-readable formats.
• Connects to any software, enhancing usability.

Dimensional Approach

• Focus on capturing changes over time and reducing artificial comorbidity.
• Includes new chapters and categories.

Differences Between ICD and DSM

• ICD: Covers all diseases; globally authored and open for public submissions.
• DSM: Focused on mental disorders; mostly used in the U.S.
• Insurance Coding: ICD provides codes for billing; DSM uses ICD codes.

Changes in the ICD-11

Added Diagnoses

• Complex PTSD: Includes broader emotional and interpersonal issues alongside PTSD symptoms.
• Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder: Classified as an impulse control disorder.
• Gaming Disorder: Pattern of persistent gaming behavior.
• Prolonged Grief Disorder: Grief extending beyond normal expectations.

Deleted Diagnoses

• Acute Stress Disorder: Re-classified as a reaction to trauma.
• Gender Incongruence: Now a sexual health condition.
• Personality Disorders: Overhauled to one "personality disorder" classification.

What's Included in the ICD-11

• Implementation package:
  • Coding tool
  • Manual
  • Training materials
  • Transition tables
  • Translation tool
  • Web services

Mental Health Disorders Listed

• Anxiety and fear-related disorders
• Catatonia
• Disorders due to substance use
• Stress-related disorders
• Dissociative and elimination disorders
• Feeding and eating disorders
• Impulse control disorders
• Mood and neurocognitive disorders
• Obsessive-compulsive, paraphilic, and personality disorders
• Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders

Conclusion

• The ICD-11 is expected to influence global standards for diagnosis and disease classification.
• Emphasizes a dimensional approach aligned with current research and treatment practices.
• Important to know which system (ICD or DSM) is used for diagnosis and insurance purposes.