Lecture Notes

Introduction

• Overview of programming concepts and syntax.
• Importance of code organization and logic flow.

Data Types

Variables

• Integer, String, Float, Boolean.
• Example assignments:
  • a = 10
  • b = 20

Operations

• Basic arithmetic operators: + (addition), - (subtraction), * (multiplication), / (division).
• Integer division and remainder (modulus) examples:
  • x % y returns remainder of x divided by y.

Input and Output

Getting User Input

• Use input() function to receive user input and assign to variables:
  • name = input("Enter your name:")
  • age = int(input("Enter your age:"))

Printing Output

• Use print() function to display output:
  • print(f"My name is {name}, my age is {age}.")

Control Structures

Conditional Statements

• If-Else statements to control logic flow based on conditions:
  • Example:

    if age > 18:
        print("Eligible to vote")
    else:
        print("Not eligible to vote")
    

Loops

• For Loop example to iterate through a list:
  • for i in range(1, 11):
    • print(i)
• While Loop example for repeating code until a condition is met:
  • while count < 5:
    • count += 1

Functions

• Define functions using the def keyword:
  • Example Function:

    def add(a, b):
        return a + b
    

• Call functions with arguments:
  • result = add(3, 5)

Classes and Objects

Object-Oriented Programming

• Creation of classes and instantiation of objects.
• Example class:

  class Dog:
      def bark(self):
          print("Woof!")
  

• Instantiating an object:
  • my_dog = Dog()
  • my_dog.bark()

Exception Handling

• Use try-except blocks to handle exceptions:

  try:
      # Code that may cause an exception
  except ValueError:
      print("Invalid input")
  

File Operations

• Reading and writing files:
  • Opening a file:

    with open('file.txt', 'r') as file:
        content = file.read()
    

• Writing to a file:

  with open('output.txt', 'w') as file:
      file.write("Hello, World!")
  

Conclusion

• Importance of practicing coding.
• Encouragement to explore further topics in programming.