Lesson 4: Korean Adjectives ~/

Introduction

• Focus on learning Korean adjectives and their usage.
• Contains vocabulary, common greetings, and grammar explanations.
• Reinforced through various YouTube videos and available in multiple languages.

Vocabulary

• Nouns: street, road, hand, English, taxi, train, station, bus stop, airplane, bicycle, family members (wife, child, son, daughter, husband, father, mother), letter, taste, meal, morning, breakfast, water, apple, money.
• Verbs: to come, to finish, to dance, to know, to walk, to learn, to practice, to think, to live, to be finished.
• Adjectives: to be dangerous, handsome, ugly, tired, different, sad, delicious, fun, many, happy.
• Adverbs/Other Words: there, now, but.

Using Adjectives ~/

• Sentences must end with a verb or adjective.
• Verbs/Adjectives end with the syllable ~다.
• Adjectives can describe nouns or predicate sentences.
• To describe nouns, remove ~다 and add ~ㄴ/은.
  • If stem ends in a vowel, add ~ㄴ.
  • If stem ends in a consonant, add ~은.
• Examples:
  • I want a big boat: 큰 배를 원하다 (correct form)
  • The food is expensive: 음식이 비싸다
  • Expensive food: 비싼 음식
• Adjectives such as 맛있다 (delicious) and 재미있다 (funny/fun) use ~는 instead of ~ㄴ/은 due to a grammatical exception.

To Be Many Of ~

• 많다 is used to indicate a large quantity.
• When used to describe a noun: 많이 음식 (a lot of food).
• When used to predicate a sentence: 음식이 많다 (there is a lot of food).

Particle ~도

• ~도 means also/too.
• Replaces subject (/이/가) or object (/을/를) particles depending on context.
• Examples:
  • I speak Korean as well: 저도 한국어를 말하다
  • I eat apples too: 나도 사과를 먹다 (emphasizing the speaker), 사과도 먹다 (emphasizing the object).

Additional Notes

• Importance of understanding the difference in adjective usage for sentence structure.
• Learning about exceptions and grammatical principles that will be explored in future lessons.

Resources

• Use videos for practice: sentence practice, dictation, applying concepts.
• Download audio files for vocabulary practice.
• Utilize mobile app for word memorization.

Practice Suggestions

• Try creating sentences using new vocabulary and grammatical structures.
• Utilize provided videos to enhance listening and sentence-building skills.

Explore further lessons to deepen understanding of Korean sentence structure and adjective usage.