hello guys and welcome back to the law on obligations and contract series so Nandita na retirements adding second partner series which is the contracts okay so mokuba so tayo this time from the general provisions of guyana obligations Meryem ding general provisions and contracts so this is based on the Civil Code articles 1305 - 13 17 okay so iron before tie among start please subscribe to our channel to alert you on the release of upcoming videos and also don't forget to like this video to pump up our contents to the top of the Google search results pages so again and of course if you want to test yourself you may sign up on the link below okay so let's start napa tiles are general provisions of contracts McGinn continum video nato i in a haughty Salima so Bali first we will define what is contracts second we will determine the different elements regarding contracts number three what are the different types or classification sub contracts number four what are the different stages or what are the stages would be in the formation of the contract and lastly what are the five characteristics of a contract so again you know young Limon content nothing so movies are not in so number one what is a contract okay so what is the meaning of a contract the meaning of a contract is based on the article 1305 sosa bonito a contract is a meeting of minds between two persons whereby one binds himself with respect to the other to give something or to render some service okay so so Tagalog I'm contract icon trata so every day in the universe in Peru you engage into various contracts such as Camila KO + kappa merica jump in here on some RFID then you're so the condom contract okay usually I'm contract is entered by two persons okay pero in practical scenario wedding wedding Hindi lung to persons involved Ito's operating rod two or more persons pero puede Panna is some person in whoopsy some quadratically mu Kong Hindi okay para mula Hana is it but Polly okay Nagano class in contract where in some personal um so at least two persons okay and then okay and do bummer and it was a contract so by the way I'm contract okay in relation to obligations wooden kimono you know a highlighter not an obligation wedding Meryem piscina be nothing madam obligation wedding well um contrada okay pero coupled marin contra automatically Meryem obligation cocina come come bubbly cannot a newman different sources of obligations it's a similar sources i contract okay so every time the maritime contract automatically Meryem obligation within the contract okay pero hindi ibiza behind america obligation new obligation i on i because of the contract so wedding obligation i on i because of the law whether in the obligation i own i because of the what do you call this because of the lake or a commission of a crime t1 so so and then you other resources penitent okay so I didn't pack a fire button contract from an obligation okay Barrow was over let me point out boolong dowdy to emphasize not every time the maritime contract automatically Meryem obligation okay in the national open on contrib and usually commit them contract okay women obligations a lob dunk on track so wedding is a llama obligations such as my unilateral contracts patterning there are two or more obligations within a single contract so can you manage and Papas Yamaha bilateral obligation status my mama certain provisions Bashar or stipulations okay so you can track in relation to obligation okay so next let's move on to the elements of a contract boxing nothing elements foxy Navidad the element some elements actually is the building block okay so what compose or what comprise the horn trap so actually there may be three okay three types of elements okay in a contract so number one we have the essential elements number two we have the natural elements and lastly the Occidental elements pero hindi naman login and exist at neon latinum essential together with natural and accidental hindi not all the time pero that and I know okay it own essential elements okay item number one which and the essential elements maritime consent object and cause Tillman okay it required yet logging the exist up again para macaroni is an contractor so in any type of contract killing animal essential elements they and casa camba lion Mindy movie operating table organism contrato yes okay are not Tina Loesch an essential element alarm and or required kombucha okay so you number two and number three PO hindi po required elements mi and soap rating Marin young Mayan president even Hindi rin-chan exists a some contract okay so he defined not a new number to a number three cause a young number one merit iron separate a Pollyanna Maggie next video not Nu Maha different essential elements no Google into detail tidings consent object and because they prefer now okay I'm importante alum muna I'm Pat Liu Yin Yin young essential elements not an orca aluminum exist in Pannonian in order for something to be considered a contract okay so number two put the Tyson natural elements what are natural elements are fully natural elements are elements that are initially present in some certain contracts away in Houla Co party nominating natural elements nagae exist initially okay at the birth of the contract not exist pero puede sharm Pangolin okay ready Sean Allison okay so in a more natural element so for example in a contract of sale mer entire natural elements such as warranty against which one and warranty against hidden defects so Yamaha guarentees NATO to my natural elements NATO now exists at the moment number four boom contra of sale however through the stipulation of the parties spreading tangle in Yamaha elements nail or you more specifically warranties number water Disney miyano FIBA okay pero but seen a very natural element it for example in Omaha and a bucket not indeed own warranty against eviction and warranty against hidden defects in the apixaban exist initially in a contract of sale negate exist national hot Namur enum contra in depo certain contracts than portion a gay disease so specifically not exists on contrib sale Paris let's say other contracts such as a contra blown Mari condition exists among the Levant oh okay so you natural element so you know let go of natural elements initial energy exists in some certain contracts however pred motion allison the ball or dangling through the stipulation of the parties later on okay however in higher number was indicating listen you know indicating a leasing in essential okay next number three accidental element so these are the stipulation of the parties such as interest in alone okay so by the way on accidental elements initially in dictionary exists i some contra unlike some natural element diba you natural element exists at the start or at the when the contract was formed however accidental elements does not exist okay huh bunk in Agawam contra or when the contract is formed it must be stipulated by the parties away so you knew my accident I mean Union pucara a banya from natural elements you natural elements the exist measure the exist much opposition Pangolin are later on in Occidental elements pero hindi shalini exists initially pero puede Sheung illa die okay or is a Medusa contract not a nor steeply the contract nothing okay so those are the elements of a contract okay so pun tournament IO Samaha different classifications of a contract so we have many classifications Sparrow Yamaha Babangida long not Indy to human are very important now classification so number one this is the most important the classification parts are for the purpose of discussing contracts okay so this is the classification of contracts according to perfection okay so there are three consensual real and formal or present in other thing the nothing to log into solemn okay so I am Number 1 or letter a consensual contracts this these contracts are perfected by mere constant object and course okay so item Otto Kamala ano be students offers its light not in or freeze like that and these are the essential elements okay so concession contracts might oh okay now so Patna I'm gonna essential elements para into i'ma form okay peridot and I know there are certain contracts my Hindi human essential elements and required param of for meat or paramita Channahon drug Ibiza be in Hindi lung COC or concern object or cause Antonella essential element so generally cassidy bar under essential element that Laura Manila gain attend okay pero there are some certain contracts were in Hindi lung consent object and course and vanilla essential element okay so those are you letter be real contract so what are real contracts they are perfected by consent object and costs plus delivery okay so delivery will be added as an essential element of real contracts so my example palate IOD toes so letter a consensual example them a consensual contract sales partnership real mortgage okay I remember my other example spot again hindi na ba BOM get okay next letter B we have a contract pledge contra or blown and Contra of deposit so tomorrow contra tomato in this apartment and Panama essential element such as the consent object and cost Kayla Rondon Nighy deliver you object or press station within the horn truck okay so Union okay that I'm denying okay so next last style last type of contract or classification of contra according to perfection so we have the solemn or formal contra person ability informal contra Itamar contract which are perfected by COC or the consent object and cost plus formalities required by law so for example a contract of donation of real property requires that the donation must be in writing na pavakah duly acknowledged before a notary public so in short kala and in public instrument Pasha okay both the initiation of the donation and the acceptance of the donee so union formality required by law in case of donation of breda property hindi pasa Patna Maryland my own concern object and costs in the principle Callaghan Ana follow the new proper okay proper formality required by law sauce unions are donation but capital more detail on in writing siya or or what okay and governance anti-crisis kala and in writing shall okay so you have classifications of contracts according to their perfection ibig sabihin do you mama I know requirement nila upin okay param boom ba da da ba ba Silla Koopa add new Silla enough or more panel Salam upon perfec okay so this consensual real and formal okay next according to relation to other contracts Aman okay so from the name of the classification classification itself according to relation to other contracts so how do they stand compared to other contracts so number one we have principal contracts odd saguru and wild eat or what do you call this familiar danza de Levante on principle an accessory cuz it does our obligation style Marikana discussing a principle and accessory updations we're in uma principal obligations they can stand on their own however accessory con obligations are dependent upon obligations so gun owned in the dog sir number two according to a relation to other contract principle contracts can exist on their own okay however accessory contracts okay can only exist if it depends upon a principle contract so I an example known principle contract I conjure up sales contract of blown okay next how about Kandra or pledge it is considered an accessory contrib only why hindi naman wedding mug and I'm already macaron on contra a pledge column cine secure no obligation because I usually I'm pledge i dinna gwasha part of my secure and some obligations such as a contract of loan okay now pledged I on a Boomer tayo the gagarin title usually Meryem loan involved it okay so a tomato in diesel operating model exist without a principal contract such as alone okay so you new accessory quadrat how about preparatory contract okay but see not be nothing preparatory contract they are these are contracts wherein they are needed for the formation of subsequent contracts only so for example in the Contra good partnership once Naboo Taekwondo partnership mcaren plan another contract subsequently so that comp that partnership Nana boo not in position but engage into a contract of sales with other businesses whether in looking good sheet on partnership net or with contract of employment to employees the biomonitoring employee and many other contracts away the path their intense agency okay no agency the monopoly partnership in agency have there are no separate topics or separate titles within the other within the Civil Code of the Philippines so I had made you my haba haba on topic of 22 Menomonee contracts later okay so I add so those are only by the way I'm preparatory contract I principal contrib in okay so partnership contracts and agencies or part contrib of agencies are also principle contracts or Dickens exist on its own okay so I am according to relation to other contracts so next number three we have according to party supplies so Sydney Oman Auma marrow obligation within the hundred so maritime unilateral contract under unilateral contract only one part is obliged so for example donation only one party is obliged to give a a prestigio such as an object of donation can not do donate mansion and real property or what class in Bali so Shalem oblige him of big guy okay you can be done party be bigger in a couple it is a shame breaking down on man-in-the-moon ashram editable not donation component man but kumudam the money do you my Papa Hyrum car so Papa I'm going on kappa lee eun cause a cop out in a harem let's say laptop no pero Mira my my room biood hindi na hindi 9 comma dot o least my own contract of listener and custome by Aetna ok kumudam essentially gratuitous sha Ibiza being unconditional sure voila maybe because you have a long party so in this case unilateral only one party is obliged under bilateral among both parties are obliged to give something to each other so example sales so on the LaVon parties within sales we have the seller and the buyer so see seller oblige an a delivery room good snap in intact however C vitamin A blood shed in sha na by a run you monomania monilinia gun dis about there you might read a say to exchange of goods the man okay so non-monetary talk it on but non-monetary only behind on the low on parties okay so next let's go to number four according to name the man when we say name okay yeah we have the nominate and innominate contract so coxinha be nothing nominee contracts the law gives it a special name or designation so animal example Yamaha tow you Mona Baba need not in Canon an example of Polly so al-khalil hard and among it not an example from the previous classifications Salah lots like you my own nominee contract semicolon so just sales long partnership the nation and the Pomona Bank it nothing the Nina kumudam pledge mortgage and Hana bank it nothing okay but some aeration pollen under the law they are considered nominate contracts okay so Marin param padam arrow and my room rule okay my room rule Parramatta maritime petite Dignan non-guidelines Cooper Marin due to some specific contracts night oh okay however innominate contracts are okay not named under the law so the law does not give it a special name or designation okay better here in this slide or in this lecture we I know we found it Oh classified it into four so first do what this do what crashes Joshua trashes and fashion death so English translations no motto i I give that you may give I give that you may do I give I do that you may do and I do that you may give so these are the four classifications or denominated contracts okay so when dealing with the nominate contracts so in all it nothing hypocrisy no minute contra but you know mini contra you Menominee contrib Marin Salaam rules under the lone MOBA basa specifically Civil Code tomahtoes sales loans pirate ships donation ma ba ba so Scylla under the Civil Code my mama certain I know guides door knocking it on Eva know him but uh when dealing with certain circumstances alumni didn't go inadequacy my room guideline by the law however in nomina contracts I well um guideline Scylla pero I'm sorry detour according to article 1307 0-7 been dealing with innominate contracts atooma Lucinda nothin okay ganito number one you don't innominate contract not benito my mama stipulations biome part is not end okay so sure pray Misuzu node number one actually in order of priority two number one Misuzu not wanna manana stipulate Omaha parties door company ran a Gannett O'Banion Misuzu Roger as long as indicia bowel or Hindi Shapiro's Baba was habitus indicia against a morals English against public order public policy and good customs they were so okay ha Misuzu noti'm stipulation namaha parties okay our burgundy Machado Molino in stipulation of our part is monetized number two rules governing obligations and contracts okay para humans and si you miss mum obligations and contracts major and Shama Jonah naka generalize okay it refers to all kinds of contracts neva so naka general I see on my end so kapag in deep re not in monokuma and deeper in eighteen charmant Indian or my deal with number to the bus and rotted and their obligations in contracts Ponte paisa number three which is rose boarding the most analogous contract okay so whom you adding innominate contract I'm hung sales okay we I know we we bring the rules governing the row below on sales diva to say you knew most analogous books in a week I see nothing most a lot of goose para Europe in Africa having me on contract so although apparently sham contrecoup Saipan indicia indicia teleca's sale because a Indian amid young definition or like we signal some sale contract of sale so I own a pair of bathing committed numerals on contrecoup sales para dunes I nominate quadric neon okay and lastly Padukone column analogous contra an operating must deal with that innominate contract so we refer to number four the customs of the place or cumin or naqada we an salut garnet Yunnan Susan okay so you know I tell you my new rules nothing win dealing with innominate contracts or contracts that are named and that are not mean under under the law okay so next we have our fifth classification so according to risk involved okay so we have commutative and aleatory so first commutative when undertaking when undertaking of one party is considered the equivalent of the other alright so for example in a contra of sale you mean it began on Bauer we manipulate on seller and then the buyers about these are I considered equivalent value so for example you've been abiding buyer Union fair market value or union price the buyer Union price and usually that is the fair market value noon specific thing done didn't even so macaws are not equivalent exchange Valentin second row of listed are indeed an equivalent exchange however in an alien Tori contract in this Grado or it depends upon a certain event okay come on Marie received on both parties okay for example in a contract of insurance unit Papa insured by by jeonnam period it what do you call this premium debauch so fiction however you Marie receive me on a benefit it depends upon an uncertain event okay capillary the one so maybe made you my Malachy lucky shot I do molecular Felicia lucky lucky shot met atanga compare dunes benign young premium however come in Danang Aryans are not in use conditional quanta of insurance are you know loogie shop so a certain amount in summary receive seguros dependence on provisions no no no contra of insurance ok Marilyn I didn't say loop so for example when you bill economy lotto ticket okay fix you my mom lotto ticket so twenty pesos pero it's either you will receive a zero or a certain amount beyond twenty pesos labor or million s de Jonge pakka okay so you knew mono aleatory contracts okay so next number six we have according to cause okay so Kamala um cause it's one of the essential elements consent object and costs okay so annyong cause onerous gratuitous and Romania Tory so in onerous contracts the cause has a valuable consideration so for example ganito example an added in a contra of sale the object is the one in benevento a ton course I am is known benevento okay so um priced on Benevento has a valuable consideration cause it usually it will be paid in money okay next in gratuitous contra okay what is a gratuitous contract eternal mind of course is purely generosity or belong valuable consideration shadow okay so in commode Atum a commode Artemisa gratuitous contracts I've been adding an inert or essentially gratuitous so I'm object under a commode autumn is come on young ballerina a Papa here on mo Tama okay however I know unconstant it's purely the generosity undergone cost on his own it's purely that generosity pin here amo pin here arm long so well I'm valuable consideration Dulce cause when intensity Nashawn diba Copic minigame owing some bad guy okay what happened got a valuable consideration because London is purely the generosity or the liberality of the contingent of donate okay or not Papa harem in case of kumudam okay so those are treatise contra letters in a modern angry letters in Rimini Rimini rattori contract so because is based on the services or benefits already receive so for example in the corner of employment component up at render now you employee nun Canyon services so even that's the cost of our ibogaine a remuneration or your salary and Eva so based on a services or benefits already received from the service of that certain employee okay so what come on up and nothing not in the next video we will tackle in detail Yuma different or human essential elements and matting contract so those are the consent object and the costs okay so next las last classification in the package not indeed o is the according to the binding for so when we say binding force Garnica bomb Ababa in Saco intranet oh okay so I'm Tony naka arrange it Amato from the most binding letter a and the least binding or no binding at all Holly don't void contract no binding at all so wire all right pero epidural an addendum Tiggy some chapter Tiggy some video to up to Lee and then invalid okay Kazama learn from letter B to literally so Tom Venuto some videos are accessible by double unenforceable and void okay so those are the different classifications of B contract now let's move on to the stages will be Kandra okay so anima different stages than quadric number one we have preparation conception Generation / negotiation so via new maja certain terms Nagina comedians our first stage snare and so preparation on conception generation our negotiation so at this moment number one Maranatha Tyumen no contract so out Polly wallop wallop Adam contract Lido okay Nakata road non-contracted e27 birth to a Salaam b2 which is the perfection belt or formation usually I'm gonna go balance number one you know Gugu suppose a pollen poem Naboo separa in Delano party school minima giggling stipulation stones a contribution a union kappahd dyna draft pattern did not draft Palauan contraband marijuana mag in consequence Kannamma cog in this Munna Maggie come on Maggie benefit nila from the contra whatsoever so you goose happens number one so number two usually you accompany my hand an indelible part is Hume contract pero take note on contract wedding hindi siya in paper diba I'm contract not necessarily penny perma onion okay so what I'm a developer nothing nothing then chapter 2 chapter 2 bar okay so yeah chapter 2 ma over the next video explain nothing Yin in great details you mama different essential elements o'duden don't makuhita you moan okay and let number three we have consummation death or extinguishment but getting T to say number three lahat no obligation sweet then within the contracts okay ah no fulfilled 'no okay now go on a not in the hot so I am fully consummated name contract nothing or extinguish Nisha or death okay so iron okay so Patna Guadalajara obligations within the context however there are certain contracts now not be a sponsor indefinitely okay so those are the stages of a contraction not any domain point none not indeed is kale an acronym Conrad so number two stage to perfection birds or the formation of the contract okay so last we have the different characteristics of a contra so I am GU model number on how dito so pneumonic sorry so my record we have mutuality autonomy or Liberty we also call this the freedom to stipulate you number two number three we have the relativity of contracts consensual T and the obligatory force okay so explain that Indian is a so let's start let's start with mutuality of contract so what is mutuality of contracts the contract must bind both contracting parties its validity or compliance cannot be left to the will of one of them okay it's a being kapag made the wrong part is not a passive session contrada hindi puede now even validity non-contract we're in compliance and contra or cumin and one you mean is deeply within the contra I dr. s lungs is wrong Tahoe in deep when we meet at a hundred opposite happened on you um want rata I mute well if it's a being peanut assumed onion and the Logan parties cuz it could make somebody another custom do within the contra in deep waiting mugging effective beyond okay or Hindi waiting muggings Valley done cooking dissident cousin dude okay so that in the new and that is morality of the contra sewed up at lembaga within a contract napkin Qasim do an envelope on parties in deep wedding is a long my gusto per diem is a IO pero valid Peron Shah or debar effective perineum stipulation and Hindi pride okay however concerning in Omotesando in the wrong part is spreading a big I you determination validity known or compliance nonspecific as stipulation in within the contra to a third person so the termination of the performance may be left to a third person whose decision shall not be binding unless it has been known to the part about contracting parties pero una cadena been again when I UN to a third person Department decide condom McGuigan stipulation nuttin or animal urine on contrib kala a new third person and he communicating a par in second de la etapa okay ultimately my podcast won't do any apparent gesund on in deeper inquiry in deeper in Miggy effective eun-suh taught on the noon that this based on article 1309 okay and I am lastly the determination shall not be obligatory if it is evidently inequitable in such cases or in such case the court shall decide what is equitable under the circumstances school so whose regarding in the Potomac assumed office a Union apparent kombucha feeling noon is a party Mugisha tons of on trata so a union pero una pregunta support adoption in determining when you cuando yo ma gigging equitable okay so that is based on article 1310 okay so as an example I know by Omaha key points now who a nothing from the you know okay so iron for example s sold his parcel of land to be okay it was agreed that eggs are real estate appraiser would be the one to determine the reasonable price of the land okay so only issue pallid Ito CS and B I know Hindi Mikasa Medusa Maggie King price no group of assisi be CCS although char eunuch by Benton and Lupin denier Inc assalaamu onion price India a Lampoon Machado Mata volume 'bageena or Indian LM coming back from a loogie shadow hiya I know you know one ESN be okay para hindi hindi mugdha side and it's a long saga nila Andina vanilla is like her Sheila now third person which is the X is some experts Pagar priests no more than young classing property so n CX j omega priests okay titania a new bar talaga and value Nalu bonito so I had sex pero take note Hindi okay once that operation axiom LAN lion a kunwari meronym Benham did not amount sex let's say 5 million Hindi a big Serbian binding Agathon five million oneness in opinion a five billion Telamon in communication when a on both que esta seller and buyer okay ah ultimately not the decide / in CS and B coma caucus when do Silla doing sap ID million okay so that and Anu and that is based on you know non-article III in 1309 okay so I am in young example nothing again okay um what if the man CX I know Paulo cocoon Shabana CB okay kill Elena so Sabini be boo ba and ma boo button doing 1 million long okay so couple feeling the air so Brahm loogie no one shadow no dating no not in common you need to get in Yun okay I don't know gigging equitable okay so you know application amount 1810 okay so next let's go to autonomy of contracts or also called liberty of contracts or the freedom to stipulate in contract so the contracting parties may establish any stipulation or such installations crosses terms and conditions as they may deem convenient provided they are not contrary to low morals good customs public order or public policy so in short under the autonomy of contract which is a characteristic book of contract puede tae-young good move on and kite and on classing toss one to one okay Basara hindi to lebackes ABBA toss some morals with customs public order and public policy suit up and add an Athenian okay so that is number two autonomy of contracts let's go to the third one the relativity of contracts away under relativity of contracts okay so behind were not in you know you guiding provision okay so article 11 31 paragraph 1 okay so contracts take effect only between the parties okay there are science and years except in cases where the rights and obligations arising from the contract are not trans transmissible by their nature or by stipulation or by provision of the law so the ear is not liable beyond the value of the property he received from the decision okay so explain Manhattan before the smog example this was a last sentence Nate okay so I'm relativity up contracts bounciness I belong kuhnian I'm contractor and again exist between the parties if it's a billion a new man I'm Erin or Adam Adam benefit or anumana consequence dooms a contra Turnagain I'm involved you Mandela one part is long Leone or Yuma assigns nila or ears diva in case nominee map I do not want parties okay so solution delaying autonomy parents nila celui Neela human right to demand on that if everyone creditor intimate I okay so it whole it go under the relativity of contracts I know madam again benefit on contract or the cons again consequence within the contract it shall be only between the parties okay so that is a relativity of contracts however there are exemptions to this parama Manhattan explain you my exemptions okay let's deal muna we'd be in transmissible whatsoever okay so I had what are the key points you not about getting young key points none Aquanaut in from the previous slide is contracts take effect between the parties in the contract only however there are exemptions which will be discussed later on and on deterrent contracts are generally transmissible okay unless they are made in transmissible by law stipulation or by nature okay so for example what are the contracts but are not transmissible according to law okay so for example an open contract so example pollyana is a coupon example you soon right okay your right to vote in during elections okay so you your right to vote during elections actually it's not a contra they were it's not a poly a control you Newman about on a second example dito wrong example under the law it is actual at indo para labor union because a debandkeith III okay so contracts are generally transmissible except indicia transmissible Sabina Milan okay so murmur certain no many contracts in the future upon Benison opinion guiding provisions under the Civil Code is Hindi polish' transmissible okay so let's move on to the stipulation naman so for example ultramarathon example is Mandela medicinal example he talked about innovation in transmissible by stipulation so for example maritai oh man howdy to you sir what I know cantata for what do you call this young couples the school devouring [Music] scholarship is a scholarship so couples Abaddon's our contract of scholarship name is Hindi sharp wedding it passes a BA so that contract scholarship is in transmissible in the moonship writing it because a BA so usually Yamaha contracts you want a scholarship granted by the government are in transmissible in deep wedding you know okay India parading it pass us a bomb tower okay so by its nature are Indian for example the Newton along and being example at putting an example that I lost I'm doing circus all didn't sorry so for example my own contract of marriage okay so so you may sakit new husband so ready but proxy communi or it transmitted you me right to attend the wedding so in day because by its very nature in the great day okay Kayla and personally okay so so even button but nothing contracts are generally transmissible except and it actually another pocket Islander Impala not it was obligation wherein obligations are generally transmissible then okay except gonna children no stipulation and by nature okay so unless we have the ear is not liable being the value of the property received from the resident so des then we refer to the deceased person or you know my pie okay so for example okay oh okay no example not dinner okay so no butanna tiles eggs really not okay I told by example and anybody but okay so for example the needle only in this third case for example Marin Kong marathon young Patti bow okay now 500,000 topo something are even unfortunately nama Thai so that even Shannon / - IO which is 400,000 so you Tanya you puma so dense I mean anima do Tana 500,000 pero me me Nana from 400,000 better loogie cat Eva I mean animal on acid I 400,000 pero me gustan Palin 500,000 so sabe de toda here is not liable beyond the value of the property he received from the dissident so gone along even if it's a being kept insisting he linka then on young credit all okay I'm quite a Milan or I'm obliged Colombian doing I have to the extent nunnery Simone property from your parent okay so that is okay that is based on article article 11 31 okay so next put on a pie also different exemptions under the relativity of contract so but you cannot do relativity so you wanna my mother gigging benefit on contract or Maggie Ginn consequence within the Contra played along mikata masa or prayed along upon a guten do own is human a partisan Volvo ever there are exemptions to the rule maritime a Patna Bandidos slide that also number one stipulation pour a to V so this is based on article 31 a 13 11 paragraph 2 so what is a stipulation poor poor a truly okay actually stipulation for a true is that they read confirming of a benefit towards a third person so I on my involvement a third person okay you third person i on dialed macaroni on a stipulation poor at Ruby Pradesh on maja tomasa and then benefit case a union a union definition of depletion poor a true we from the contract not be big non benefit say some third person okay so Alabama requisites no stipulation for a true is okay long and exists blood it oh so there must be stipulation and third-person stimulation must be part that in cool so the contracting parties must have clearly and deliberately conferred a favour upon a third person at a mere incidental benefit or interest letter D that third person must have communicated this acceptance without like or before it's revocations with a pod Kayla and anon consent noontide person Ivan and lastly no relation of agency exists between any of the parties in the third person so let's have an example okay simulation query so D is indebted to C for 1 billion with 12% interest it was stipulated that X is that X will receive the 12% interest so this is stipulation is accepted by X and Julie communicated the acceptance to D and C so Hanukkah wanna attend your first second and third requisites not a stipulation for a to be okay and ballet what are in a bank it nagging Ito letter is o ok ty region ok Emily no meat not hot so obviously maritime did only stipulation poor a true a stipulation poor a truly with regards to X ok so say X play the initial on mugging in gold dudes a contra Lemos a bizarre relativity of contra an anomaly in benefit or consequence Nani song contrato I para doing summer parties involved lung okay pero in this case Marin third party no noggin in votes of Andhra cocina exemption it Punk marrow stipulation poor a truly so after a year so I don't marry after a year DNC decided to change the font drop giving specific house and lot okay so parent Maga the condom Novation they've also come all the new innovation topic not and last last video know so from payment of 1 million together with interest you know and long Hana payment of house in lot okay so under the relativity of contracts third person cannot upon the decision cause a yuna UN contrato I between them only however this is an exemption okay in this case spreading in Depot my XCX okay para Polly dunes are innovations specifically dunes innovations operation no no no wait para however you benefit numata Thomas on your from having a 12% interest mañana Tilly para me on Sonya okay magna per Indian regardless of the no Bayesian okay so you knew Maggie giving benefit nidito okay so Union stipulation pure through we so next this is the second one when third person is in possession of a property and thus creating real right so what do you mean by this okay so let's have an example borrow must maintain Daniel s sold to be a specific life for 1 million okay so this is a contract between s and B only okay so again be occupied the said lon okay but did not register in one day okay s sold the lon or the same land to X X registered the same property at the Registry of Deeds okay so up on upon Donna types of sales and my room must right dito assumed second second buyer which is C X okay Diana register NASA registry of did okay well my buddy tuna alumni on with regards to the first sale so in good feature so in this case coming up and senior ganito um tell dito in occupy any be in occupy the beach diva union one was in your pero SI x indiana pepperoni registering as a registry of deeds okay but nothing don't accidents up specific property they're not doing CB okay Sabini be Sabini be seen oka are in siberia next according to my are in the loop on a tow beam into stock in the Sol only array comeuppance in you all do not Corona contract between s and B initially wedding lock intervene having some third person with regards to the contract okay producer money a lambda contra although he is a third party with regards to the contract pocket Cassie he is okay he is da okay he is the rightful owner okay he is the rightful owner of the land in this case okay so say X you padishah Mangalam wedding young evict CBR Polly okay in this case okay so that is young second exemption nothing what is the tiny exemption when contracts are entered to the fraud okay some some creditors or to defraud credit or a Soviet I'm gonna have in tongue someone know it so in Dina Dina Bora okay so D is indebted to C for 1 million D fearing that he would he won't be able to paste that and ultimately his done being levied sold the said land at a very low price 2x with the condition that he can purchase it back okay so happily and Karim main obligee main contract not in a technic nandito issue in contract between I know between D and X okay so sabi nothing under the relativity of contracts kapag mailroom contract between D and X indicating market element a person okay pero in this case waiting money L MCC which is a third party party okay so rocketship with him on Isle of kasi is a Shang credit or none at the fraud by the acts of D okay so in deep way they actually contract between the index will be considered a receivable contract pero okay makalapa garel are nothing new under Sec both contracts same errand I own separate and again separate chapter appellee is some boom video in resistible contract man okay so iron si si puede Malayalam between the contra of D and X because he is a creditor who was defraud by the acts of D so you know in very simple reason come back in again exemption sha from the general rule now relativity of contracts away so las okay third person induce a party to a contract to violate the contract okay so an end example the ionian after agreeing to sell his parcel of land to be s sells the land to see instead because of the induced od in this case be can sue the for damages okay so you're not in general it's not in tow so para Makita not in union I do my own main contract nothing to wind it on main contract not even totally to our police um contract between B and s with regards to the sale of land okay so it didn't contract pero no el squadron at all in Dina comply young Issa okay instead s sells the land to see instead instead Ksenia bonanza so in Dina complying Issa okay so in this case can eat all Deepa so happy not in canina until eleven benefit but the consequence consequence so in this case by the time and dominant third party dooba usually Indian and eat I appoint him Abidin I mug dominant third party because of the relativity of the contract market alguna on the king and along Amanitas you know bottom Nagano Indian again compliant CBD WA so usually show you is sooo not and show you Kaka so Honiton pero okay under an exemption of the relativity quantum twenty nothing Castle on you third person uh not induce Sonia not to comply with this obligation okay so you know my IRA in this case be can sue the for damages then okay pero de bah in general when we base it on the relativity of contracts in deep type I demand a minor third person okay pero is an autos exception okay so this will be the last exam shown dunes are relativity of contract so you know next okay this is the fourth characteristic of a contract so we have consensually the up contract when we say con sensuality of contra contracts are perfected by mere concern with regards to the object and the kaustubha okay so Ibiza be inoculated too long--you mono it along young contracts are generally perfect that by c OC an LC OC consent object and course okay usually and long impact among young essential elements okay your new one sensuality okay pero my exemptions in consensual it in on contracts are no youna bond get not in canina now information do you mean real contracts informal contracts were in unreal contra in addition to COC Callen and delivery Rama okay however thermal contracts in the in-demand shadow none COC plus Hanuman Shah formalities okay formalities required by the law okay so these are the exemptions of the consensual et up contracts and since I belong no leeko since I belong non-consensual ative contracts contracts in a perfect generally than Co salon however there are exceptions real and formal contracts okay so next Punta retires cooling cooling or E or oiling characteristic nang contra which is the obligatory force of a contract okay so when we say obligatory force kapag ikaw i puma success on contract okay mop up I'm kinda dude okay maboob buy in Canada don't kinda tell em when I'm a compliance obligation more and as well as reap the benefit come my benefit man okay so I'll totally barbaric tayo dunes a previous article or provision at in your article 11:59 so NASA um Pisa me Seto general provisions of obligations okay so obligations arising from contracts up the force of blow okay so Moreno Mohammed II know young for so blow so far and Gagarin um but us between okay those involved within the contract okay so Baucus Ian but I see an alarm so didn't cast economy cannot comply Marin common Anna guten okay so between the contracting parties and should be complied with in good fit kappa pogschamp like a de but in good faith okay cuz I'm a mama times nah you know complain my happened locos diva okay so you know last characteristic of a contract now I discuss nothing okay so this will be the end of the discussion of the general provisions of contract so by next meeting or by next meeting directly by not by the next video we will discuss the different essential elements of a contract which are concerned of and the course okay so see you next video so don't forget to subscribe to our Channel to alert you on the release or upcoming videos okay and don't forget to like this video if you find it helpful and also verify on the red in a link below to know register for the free course where you just need an email address okay so coming up next will be the essential elements of a contract