Lecture on Jean-Paul Sartre's Existentialism

Key Concepts

• Anguish and Freedom

  • Human beings live in anguish not due to life's terribleness but because we are "condemned to be free."
  • We are thrown into existence, become aware, and are required to make choices.
  • Even not making a choice is in itself a choice.

• Essence vs. Existence

  • Traditional view: Objects like a penknife have an essence that precedes their existence.
  • Sartre's view: For humans, existence precedes essence.
  • There is no predetermined design or essence for humans.
  • No divine purpose or fixed human nature dictates how we should live.

Sartre's Philosophy

• Existentialism is a Humanism

  • Existentialism posits that we create ourselves through actions and choices in a world without fixed values.
  • "I am what I do" – a core existential idea.

• Creating Humanity Through Choices

  • Every choice reflects what we believe a human being should be.
  • Our decisions reflect on humanity as a whole.
  • We must act as if everyone is observing us, adding to our existential anguish.

Implications of Sartre's Existentialism

• The emphasis on personal responsibility in crafting one's life and essence.
• The role of freedom and choice in defining what it means to be human.
• Acknowledgement of the burden and responsibility of freedom as a source of existential anguish.

Summary

• Sartre challenges traditional views by asserting that humans have no pre-defined purpose or essence.
• Freedom, choice, and responsibility are central to defining our existence and essence.
• Our actions and choices shape not only ourselves but also present a model for all of humanity.