Lecture on Mobility and Musculoskeletal System

Introduction to Mobility

• Mobility relates to skeletal system.
• Clinical experiences involve various patient cases including orthopedics and detox.
• Mention of different patient floors and experiences in clinical settings (e.g., small med-surg floors).

Skeletal System Overview

• The skeleton provides the body with structure, supports organs, muscles, and aids in movement.
• Protects organs and assists with red blood cell production and mineral storage (calcium, phosphorus).
• Different types of bones:
  • Long bones (e.g., femur)
  • Short bones (e.g., phalanges, wrist bones)
  • Sesamoid bones (e.g., patella)
  • Flat bones (e.g., scapula)

Joints, Ligaments, and Tendons

• Joints: where two or more bones meet, providing flexibility and movement.
• Ligaments: connect bone to bone.
• Tendons: connect muscle to bone.
• Types of joints:
  • Ball and socket
  • Hinge
  • Pivot
  • Saddle
  • Plane

Bone Health and Conditions

• Bone remodeling continues until about age 35.
• Osteopenia and osteoporosis:
  • Osteopenia: low bone density
  • Osteoporosis: severe bone loss
  • Common in women post-menopause
• Importance of bone density tests and maintaining bone health through nutrition and exercise.

Fractures

• Types of fractures:
  • Complete vs. incomplete
  • Open vs. closed
• Healing stages of fractures:
  • Hematoma formation
  • Fibrocartilage callus formation
  • Bony callus formation
  • Bone remodeling

Hip Fractures and Care

• Hip fractures common in older adults, especially with osteoporosis.
• Pre-operative and post-operative care:
  • Education, pain management, and physical therapy.
  • Risk factors include age, gender (female), and medical history.

Osteoarthritis

• Degenerative joint disease, common in knees, hips, and hands.
• Symptoms include joint pain, stiffness, and decreased range of motion.
• Management includes physical therapy, medications, and possible surgery.

Treatment Options

• Surgical and non-surgical treatments for fractures and joint issues.
• Use of casts, traction, and fixation devices in fracture management.
• Importance of early mobilization post-surgery to prevent complications such as blood clots.

Importance of Exercise and Nutrition

• Weight-bearing exercises to improve bone health.
• Nutritional intake of calcium and vitamin D.
• Risks associated with smoking and sedentary lifestyle.

Patient Safety and Education

• Educating patients on signs of complications (e.g., compartment syndrome, infection).
• Importance of adherence to medical advice and follow-up care.

Conclusion

• Comprehensive approach to managing musculoskeletal health involves prevention, timely intervention, and effective rehabilitation.
• Encouragement to stay active and maintain a healthy diet for optimal bone health.