The Daily News Simplified - 19th June

hello and welcome you are watching The Daily News simplified I&#39;m anit so in today&#39;s DNS that is 19th of June we&#39;ll be covering seven important articles so without further Ado let us move straight away with the first article and please before that do not forget to give our video a thumbs up so coming to the first article of the day which you can see appeared in the Hindu newspaper now this article highlights that the chief of Defense staff he has released a blueprint for Warfare in the cyber space now as you can understand India&#39;s uh threats it was primarily it emerged from three different dimensions that was from Land Air and sea however in recent times we have seen increasing in threats on the another set of domain that is in country cyers space now in this regard the country&#39;s Armed Forces it they have released a joint Warfare to deal with threats that emerge in country&#39;s cyberspace domain so this article will be covering details related to cyber security as it is essential to protect India cyber space from threats which emerge from both state and non-state actors further this topic is important from GS paper 3 perspective because as you can see the syllabus itself highlights Basics related to cyber security further questions related to cyber security have been appearing quite recently and in number of mains examinations for example in the mains of the Year 2022 a question appeared on different elements of cyber security so this topics become very much Essential for the perspective of mains examination so in this regard we&#39;ll understand what are the various uh tenets of cyber security and how it is essential for a country like India to protect its cyber space from both state and non-state actors in addition we&#39;ll also understand issues that the countries face in addition to a suggestive Way Forward so let us begin our discussion so as to how or why is there a need for a country to protect itself from a Cyber attack now in this regard let us understand how cyber attacks they impact a country like India for example cyber crimes which is related to cyber attacks it relates or it leads to significant financial loss for example Indians they have lost as much as 10,319 CR worth of money from cyber attacks and this has been from 2021 to present domain further if unchecked this will lead to about $20 billion loss in the next 10 years so you can understand protecting country from cyberspace it is quite important in order to prevent Financial loss to the citizens of our country further there have been government has been emphasizing on putting all our data on the internet because it provides us with ease to access of our personal data so for example government brought forward a unique ID system which was called as ad in addition to publishing our educational documents on country&#39;s digilocker so all these initiatives as you can understand puts our personal and sensitive data in the domain of internet now as you can understand as all these data is present on internet it increases the risk of cyber attacks on this data in order to gain unauthorized access so in in order to protect country&#39;s citizens and their personal data it is also very essential to protect country from cyber attacks additionally there are many critical infrastructure which is essential for the functioning of our country for example telecommunication sector Transportation sector or as far as power sector also because all these important critical infrastructure they function through the essentially they&#39;re connected through internet so connection with internet it is essential for an interrupted functioning of these critical sectors so for example whenever Cyber attack it happens on these critical infrastructure it design it denies us with the availability of critical infrastructure in the country which you can understand will significantly hamper any country&#39;s economy so also to protect our country&#39;s critical infrastructure from unauthorized access and cyber attacks it is also essential for us to have a decent amount of cyber security in general further India&#39;s information and communication sector is quite developed because it results into significant amount of employment creation and also it leads to significant amount of exports out of the country so it is very much Essential for any developing country like India to protect the Integrity of its information and communication sector now in terms of growth country&#39;s information and communication sector it is expected to become a $330 billion industry by the year 2027 so to protect the country&#39;s information and communication technology sector and its Integrity it is also essential for us to have a significant cyber security measures also as you can understand more and more people every day they are gaining access to country&#39;s internet infrastructure because it is assumed that country currently has about 820 million internet users more than 50% of which they are from rural areas now despite increase in access to Internet country&#39;s distal literacy level has not increased in a simultaneous manner so this exposes people to the vulnerability in cyberspace domain and further this cyers space it is very much Essential as people use internet to purchase items from e-commerce site or make online payments for example through UPI so the protection of country&#39;s e-commerce and payment sector and banking it is also essential to protect India&#39;s economy as a whole so all these factors they can be significant frequently hampered in case of cyber attacks so in this regard government has brought forward several steps in order to protect the country from cyber attacks in general the first measure it can be categorized or clubbed as an Institutional measure because government it brought forward many institutions which are responsible for ensuring cyber security in the country for example there&#39;s a national critical information infrastructure protection Center which takes care of country&#39;s critical infrastructure and it ensures cyber security of India&#39;s critical infrastructure sector further there is National cyber security Coordination Committee which scans incoming and outgoing traffic and it in real time assesses the threats that are there to India&#39;s cyber space in general further there are also bodies like uh s in which is computer emergency response team as this agency it is responsible for protection of country&#39;s telecommunication sector from cyber attacks in general so these institutions or institutional measures they were taken by government in order to have institutions which are responsible for protecting cyber space in general further government also enacted certain legislation in this regard for example there&#39;s an information technology act which was brought forward in the year 20 as this act it provides a legal framework for transaction which is carried over online medium and it also provides data access to only certain amount or certain categories of individuals because it is essential to protect India&#39;s cyber security further government&#39;s policies in cyber space it is determined by national cyber security policy which was brought forward in the year 2013 now this cyber security policy it gave the government A Way Forward on how to establish institutions and what kind of measures should it take in case of cyber attacks so these were the legislative measures further government is also engaged with other intergovernmental parties and organizations in order to promote cyber security in general for example it has engaged in what you can call cyber diplomacy with other count country such as us in order to uh gain better understanding of cyber security domain in the country further the government of India it has also engaged with other intergovernmental bodies and ngos like World economic Forum International telecommunications Union and it has participated in various initiatives by these bodies which can constitute International measures that have been taken by government to strengthen the country&#39;s cyber security framework however despite all these measures there have been certain challenges which government faces in ensuring cyber security so let us take a look at these challenges one by one the first and probably the most important challenge is the presence of critical data in a country with multiple organizations as I&#39;ve already highlighted uid which protects data which it has taken under the Adar uid scheme forther country&#39;s Atomic sector the protection of which is under the department of atomic energy also there are educational Departments of various state governments which has your educational related data in addition to Health Department which has your sensitive health related data now protection of all these data are under the different organizations both under Union as well as state government so this presence of multiple organization it increases the challenge related to coordination between these organizations because first of all as you can understand the data is decentralized and various other bodies are managing these Silo datas so as you can understand as there are many bodies which are responsible for undertaking cyber security there are increased chance of mismanagement or miscommunication between these agencies further there have been lack of awareness among people in general related to various cyber security threats because every day you must be hearing that people click on unauthorized and spam links which leads to uh theft from their bank accounts and this highlights that there have been lack of awareness among the people of our country because in general access to Internet has been increasing however the commensurate increase in country&#39;s distal literacy has not happened so this has led to significant amount of money and financial loss among people due to lack of awareness further people in general they are not aware on their need to ensure standard devices and softwares in their Internet devices for example country&#39;s mobile phone they are either operated on Android system or the IOS operating system whereas computers they have Windows software of various kinds of Windows software however whenever these softwares are not updated periodically or these are of unauthorized or unlicensed version of the softwares it increases the risk of people of coming onto cyber attacks because if these devices are not updated thoroughly it can lead to opening up of various gaps which are then exploited by the Cyber criminals to gain unauthorized access to your devices further there have been an International Convention called Budapest convention which was brought forward by many countries in general now this convention it aimed at harmonizing laws bringing out better investigative techniques and increasing the cooperation among various countries however government of India has not been a part of this convention in general so you can understand government of India or India in general has been out of framing The Budapest convention which is essential for gaining access to cyber security techniques further as I&#39;ve highlighted the policy framework which is followed by the government in order to protect cyber security of our country it is based on outdated laws such as it act which was enacted back in 2000 as well as National cyber security policy which was brought forward in the year 2013 and since then there have been many technological advances in the field of cyber security and cyber space however these legislations and policies they have proven to be inadequate to deal with various emerging challenges in the field of cyber space further despite large population India also Witnesses shortage of skilled professional especially in the government and private sector and because of absence of skilled professional who are responsible for cyber security we have seen increased cases of unreported incidents and this in addition to emerging threats due to evolving technology has created challenges in the field of cyber security so in this regard let us take a look at what should be the way forward in order to to make India a secure in a cyber space domain and the first suggestion in this regard is to secure the domain of cyber space by enabling the country&#39;s armed forces and in this regard today&#39;s news article becomes important because first of all there&#39;s a need to ensure or include cyber space into the National Security fabric of our country because by ensuring the Cyber spake or making as a part of National Security fabric will ensure the country&#39;s Armed Forces to assess the threats to country&#39;s cyber space and also respond in kind to various cyber attacks on the country further it also requires enhanced SEC enhanced Synergy between the various security agencies because as I&#39;ve already highlighted the storage of country&#39;s critical information it is quite decentralized with many Department in general however to have a various and increased sense of cyber security it is essential to make or enhance the Synergy between different departments further there&#39;s also need to deter the increasing instances of cyber attacks on our country which makes forward or makes it imperative for countries Armed Forces to bring a joint Doctrine because through joint Doctrine the country&#39;s Armed Forces will be able to better plan and then execute the operations related to cyber space and cyber attacks further as I&#39;ve already highlighted attribution of cyber attacks is quite difficult because whenever Cyber attack happens it is quite difficult for us to understand who or which party made that Cyber attack and in this regard absence of international cooperation plays a key role because current there are no acceptable Norms in order to how to function in a cyers space domain and in this regard there are no defined red lines on what kind of attacks will then be constituted as an attack on the country in general so it is very much Essential to Foster International cooperation between various countries first of all to Define what kind of red line should be there in country cyers space and also it will help understand the various nuances of cyber security and in this regard there is a need for India to sign the Budapest convention on cyber crime as then India will be a party to Convention and it will enable India to gauge the policy and make its policy regarding to its own convenience further as I&#39;ve already highlighted India&#39;s cyber space policy it is Guided by national cyber security policy of the Year 2013 however this policy although it gave principles of cyberspace however it lacked operational details so in order to make there&#39;s a need to update this policy based on current circumstances further as I&#39;ve already highlighted many state government agencies such as Educational Department Health Department they have significant amount of personal data so there&#39;s also a need to update policy for cyber security at state level as well in order to make our country State more cyber secure in general further there are many regulatory bodies in our country such as Reserve Bank of India or computer Emergency Response Team certain they have brought forward several framework in order to ensure security audit of their regulated entities and also ensure self-reporting in case of cyber attacks so these security audit and self-reporting Norms can also be extended to other fields as well further as there have been increased instances of Cyber attack so has increased the demand for cyber Insurance in the country and you can understand this has become a burgeoning market because of increased demand of cyber Insurance however more than 80% of our country&#39;s cyber Insurance demands are fulfilled after Outsourcing to other countries such as Singapore so there is very much need to evolve a cyber Insurance framework and make our companies more uh capacity build a company&#39;s capacity in order to provide these cyber insurance policies in our country itself so these were the suggestions that have been enacted and that should be enacted by government in general in order to make a country cyber domain more secure and safe so with this we move to Second article of the day which also appeared in the Hindu newspaper now this article highlights that women&#39;s panel that is National commission for women it has received over 12,600 complaints in this year itself now this body is a statutory body hence it is important from GS paper 2 syllabus further as you can see from this pyq of the Year 2020 a question straight away appeared on imparting constitutionality to the National commission for women so this body that is National conenction for women becomes important from the perspective of Main&#39;s examination now in this regard let us understand what kind of body is National commission for women now as you can understand this body was enacted through this particular piece of legislation hence it makes this body a statutory organization now there are this body acts as an epics body which monitors and influence State policies with regards to women in our country now the function of this body discharged it is discharged to three different divisions the first is a division called complaints and counseling division which looks into complaints made by women and then it tries to resolve these complaints through counseling process further there&#39;s also a legal cell under this commission which proposes numerous amendments to acts in order to make them more efficient and effective and also it suggested what kind of new Bills should be enacted by government to protect women in general further this body also contains a research cell and this cell has been responsible for carrying out of various studies related to violence against women from vulnerable section such as scheduled cast and scheduled tribes minorities Etc it ALS so undertakes welfare of Diversy women it understand what kind of health and educational access have been provided to women in general which makes this body an effective body and in this regard let us understand what kind of achievements have this body faced since the time it has been come into fruition the first is that this body that is National Commission of women played a key role in enactment of n domestic violence Act of the Year 2005 further during the instance of covid-19 pandemic where there was case of violence against women this body came up with a WhatsApp number which enabled women to register their complaints over the WhatsApp Messenger itself further from time to time this body has also proposed various amendments to key laws in the country for example medical termination of pregnancies act which was brought forward in 1971 or amendments to maternity benefits Act of the Year 1963 further this body also suggested amendments to dowy prevention Act of the Year 1961 in order to make all these laws more effective and stringent in general further this body also is responsible for creating legal awareness in order to make women understand what kind of rights do they have and in order and if the rights gets violated what kind of recourse do the women have hence this body is also responsible for addressing the Grievances of women through various pre-litigation process in this regard the uh commission it also organized parivarik mahila Lo adalats in the country which deals with the issues related to women and faced by them in their day-to-day lives further this body under the powers given under Section 1 8 subsection one of the act it also s suggested or set up various inquiry commissions as this inquiry commission was responsible for studying custodian violence against women prisoners or violence against women from vulnerable sections such as minorities schedule guides Etc also this body is responsible for development of female labor and various Avenue which are provided to these women so these are the notable achievements that have been witnessed due to formation of national commission for women however functioning of this commission also faces several challenges for example this body is given Powers which are not Concrete in nature because this body it submits reports to the government which gives certain recommendations to make women&#39;s life better however these recommendations are not binding on the government which makes this body less effective in general further government exercises certain control over in what kind of membership does this commission have or what kind of finances is provided to this commission for example it is government of India which appoints members to the National Commission of women and in recent times we have seen there are political appointees who are appointed as members to the National commission and these appointees they either lack experience or understanding of key women issues further the finan uh the commission it operates on the grants which is given to the commission by the government itself hence all these government control in terms of appointing members and providing finances it jeopardizes the independence of this commission itself further as as you have witnessed awareness in general among women has increased so has increased the amount of complaints made to this body in general however the commensurate increase in the support staff which is given to the commission has not done so in an proper manner and this has led to shortage of stuff in the commission itself because the recent reported highlights that in order to function effectively this Commission needs 100 employees however it has not been provided required number of employees further the commission consist of seven members only So based on various suggestions it has been suggested that the commission should be expanded both in terms of employees as well as members additionally there exist National commission for women at National level whereas at state level we see there are State commission for women however it is important to note that the state Commission of women they function autonomously Way Beyond the control of national commission for women which creates issues such as there have been lack of coherency in order to deal with women issues in general because there is no control over State commission for women by the national Commission of women also because of various other lacunas we have seen that this body has been able to deal with women issue in a symbolic Manner and not deal with the issue in a comprehensive manner so these were the issues that lack of concrete legislative powers government control over finances and membership shortage in staff lack of coordination between National and state level bodies as well as symbolism over substance creat challenges into day-to-day functioning of the national commission for women so in this regard let us understand what should be the way forward in order to make this commission more effective in general the first suggestion in this regard it is related to giving constitutional recognition to this National Commission of women by amending article 368 of the Constitution Now by providing constitutional recognition to National commission women it will provide this body the necessary teeth to deal with Fire cases of Injustice and it will also enable the commission to review safeguards which are given to women further there should be enhanced legal powers that should be provided to commission which will enable these commissions to first of all enforce their directions and recommendation and also prosecute the offenders related to women further in order to effect for Effective functioning you also need enhanced funding for this Commission in general which can be given by independent budgeting of this body further there is also a need to increase the levels of awareness among women in general and in this regard the commission should deploy the resources of commission at local levels in order to gauge the various challenges that are faced by women at local level in general further in this regard the commissions should utilize mass media as well as social media to spread its message across the throughout the length and breadth of the country further it is also essential to increase the commission&#39;s Outreach to remote areas of the country because these areas have women who are Untouched by the commun Commission in general in this regard the commission should establish mobile units which will enable it to reach remote areas and also it should engage with civil society organizations such as NOS in order to enhance its reach further this also a need to enhance educational and empowerment level of women in general and this can be done by making women understand their legal rights by making women understand their financial implication as well as improving the indicators required for health and educational level so so these are the suggestions that is needed for government to implement in order to make the national commission for women more effective in general so with this we move to next article of the day which you can see appeared in the Hindu newspaper in its opit section now as you can understand it was expected that the census will be held by the year 2021 however due to covid-19 pandemic and other reasons this has been postponed by the government from time to time now census exercise this is very much Essential in gauging the levels of population in the country and this makes it important from GS paper 1 perspective further questions related to population and their levels have been asked by upsc before in the past case in point this pyq of the year 2015 so to summarize this entire article in just one slide let me highlight that this article poses a question to the government now in this regard let us understand what is this census exercise in general now this census exercise it is uh in a basic level a complete enumeration of the country&#39;s population now the legal sanctity to this exercise is provided by the census Act of the Year 1948 and it is conducted every 10 years now it has been conducted 15 times times and it was first conducted in the year 1872 now it is Office of the registar general and census commissioner who functions under Ministry of Home Affairs it is responsible for conducting this census exercise and this exercise it provides information related to size distribution socioeconomic characteristics and demographics of our country&#39;s population now let us understand why it is first of all important to conduct census exercise for or in every 10 years because as you can understand it is uh important to conduct tenses because it provides us with the comprehensive data such as various demographic profile what kind of economic activities are the people involved in and what is their educational and literacy level because based on this comprehensive data this data acts as a foundation for government&#39;s policies and planning and allocation of resources further this data it provides you the adequate data in order to understand changes in our country&#39;s population and it enables the government to forecast as well as plan its resources distribution in general for the Census Data also provides us with various Trends and insights into country&#39;s demographic profile for example it tends us it makes us understand at what rate the population is growing what kind of Ages do the population constitute and what are the migration patterns across the country because this data it helps the government to provide various facilities such as educational health or infrastructure creation So based on the comprehensive data first of all government understand what is the change in our country&#39;s population and based on this change the government forecast and plans its allocation of resources further data related to age educational levels and infrastructure Creations it also gives or enables the government to undertake provision of services such as educ UC ational Services healthcare services for adults or senior citizens as well as creation of infrastructure in urban areas of the country and in terms of application this Census Data it provides institution of local governance such as Urban local bodies and pchy Raj institutions with the granular level of data that enables them to provide various services at the lowest administrative level of the country further uh population data it is also used to ensure the distribution of political constituencies across the country because it is needed to ensure fair and equitable distribution of population and it is essential for representation of people in in the legislations of our country So based on the Census Data the Del delimitation commission it distributes the constituencies based on loksabha as well as state islative assembly further the finance commission which is the Constitutional body responsible for allocation of Financial Resources it also utilizes census data to allocate resources from Union to various different states because the amount of population it plays a key role in distribution of financial resources and more is the population of state it is provided with a adequate or proportional level of funds by Finance commission so this are these are the benefits on why should a country conduct periodic census exercise however as these exercise have been delayed simultaneously it has related or it has led to several consequences and let me help you understand it with various examples first of all government it implements various welfare schemes based on the population level of our country for example there&#39;s this national food Security Act Act of the Year 2013 which uh provides subsidized food grains to people in our country and according to this act about 67% of country&#39;s population is provided with subsidized food grain now based on 2021 Census Data the nfsa provisions are provided to 80 CR people in general however as the census exercise has not been conducted it is expected that the beneficiary level for this particular scheme has increased to 92 CR so as government has not been able to increase the beneficiary base based on the Census Data it is in a way depriving 12 cor people with the right to seek subsidized food grain from the government and this also brings our attention to the possibility of legal Challenge on the government as by denying the 12 CR people the right to get subsidize food grain government is also denying them the right which is provided to them under article 21 as this article it provides people the right to live life with dignity however as they are not able to get sufficient amount of food it denies them the right under article 21 hence it brings the government under the potential of a legal challenge by people of our country so these were the consequence which can which The Government Can Face due to delays in conduct of census election or census exercise in the country so with this we move to next article of the day which you can see appeared in the explained section of the Indian Express Newspaper now this news article it highlights that have been certain economic projects which are undertaken in the great nicobar region and this brings several environmental concern also now this uh news article it is important from GS paper 3 perspective as the syllabus deals with environmental pollution and degradation so in this regard let us understand what are the projects that have been undertaken by the government in the region of great nicobar now underman nicobar Island integrated development cooperation it has undertaken several projects in the area of great nicobar first is it is constructing an international transshipment terminal which is a shipping terminal which will be used for shipment of various caros out of the country further this body is also constructing an international airport in order in addition to constructing of Township for people and also certain power projects now in hindsight all these projects they&#39;re very much Essential for economic development of this region and in this regard let us understand what is the significance of Andaman and nicobar Island first of all by construction of trans shipment terminal the government is looking to increase the revenues from prit or shipment corridors in the country and because currently India is dependent on other trans shipment Port such as Columbo and Singapore for transshipment or supply of its cargo out of the country however when India constructs a trans shipment Corridor in India itself it will prevent the outgo of various Revenue to other ports across the country further by construction of International Airport it will also increase the levels of tourism in this region so you can understand this is the economic imperative of the government that is by undertaking development projects it is improving the economy of the Great nicobar region further the location of Andaman and nicobar it is quite strategic for India as well because India with or views itself as a regional power in the Indian Ocean region because this uh Andaman and nicobar Island it is there in Bay of Bengal region and significant presence of Indian Navy in this region will allow the Navy to project its power to Greater regions in the Indian Ocean region first further as this area it is quite near to the important states such as state of Malika Sund streate or lombok presence of Indian military or Indian establishment in these islands will ensure India to monitor the developments across these important states in the Indian Ocean region further it also enables Indian government to deploy more and more military assets in the great nicobar region because as government is under constructing airfields logistics for Army base for its military personnel as well as surveilling infrastructure such as Radars in general so all these increases the military preparedness of India in order to counter the threat that can emerge from Indian Ocean region primarily from that of China so these are the Strategic significance of Andaman and nicobar Island however despite various developments across economic and Military sector there are several consequences as well for example this project has undertaken several ecological impact on the region because it has led to faing up of trees destruction of coral reefs as well as threat to vulnerable species such as various Turtles and birds also construction or faing of trees it also violates the right of indigenous tribal in the area such as that of shen Tripes also this area is witnessed to significant cmic vulnerability also because of 2004 tsunami incident this area witnessed subsidence in its region so this has increased the sismic vulnerability of great neobar Islands so these are the environmental concerns that any developmental project will face in the great region of nicobar islands so with this we move to next set of Articles now this uh news article it is borrowed from a ad by the government which is there in both the Hindu and the Indian Express Newspaper now this ad it highlights that the prime minister of our country that is s Narendra Modi he will inaugurate the campus of nalanda University now as as you may recall nalanda University is an important Heritage which was there in even in ancient times and it provided education back in ancient Indian times also now this uh University it is a part of India&#39;s Heritage and culture hence it is important from GS paper 1 perspective further questions related to education levels in ancient and Medieval Times have been asked by upsc before case in point this 2016 P so in this regard let us understand the importance of nalanda University which was also known as nalanda mahavihara now the ruins now the university it is established in the very vicinity of the ancient nalanda University and its ruins now the ruins of Alanda University it was declared by UNESCO as a world cultural heritage in the year 2016 now this University it was even found in the writings of Chinese traveler that was hansang now this University it was established during the period of Gupta Empire that is between 3rd and 6th century and the founder of this University was the king kumaragupta the first now various other successors of this King also patronized and build up upon the UN University and the University was also patronized post the Gupta period by King harshana in the 7th century and by the Pala rulers between 8 to 12th century further the curriculum that was taught in Nanda it included not just philosophies of Buddhist such as Mah H samka but it also included other subjects such as V Sanskrit grammar medicine and logic the important aspect of the most transformative part of this University that it also undertook International students from various Southeast Nations further this University was famed for its learned Professor who in ancient times were termed as upaj or another name as upadhi further there are many various famous Scholars that have been you associated with this particular University that is nagar Jun aryadev vasubandhu as well as asanga now this University it was destroyed back in 1190s by the Turkish ruler that was bakar kji so based in based on this information let us now solve the practice question consider the following statements in reference to nalanda mahavihara the Kumar Gupta one who was the founder of this mahavihara which is a correct statement as I&#39;ve have already highlighted here because kumara Gupta was a Gupta Empire and kumaragupta first established this very University now the philosophical teachings at this mahavira it only focused on mahay tradition which you can understand is incorrect because this University it included studies related to Major Buddhist philosophy not just Mah Buddhism but also hin and samka Buddhism as well now asanga and nagarjuna they were famous Scholars who were associated with this mahavira which you can understand is the correct as I have highlighted that nagarjuna aryadev vandu and asanga are the famous Scholars associated with nalanda University now the fourth statement During the period of palas the mahavira it began to decline which is again incorrect because this uh University was also patronized by the Pala rulers between 8th to 12th century so which of the statements given above is or are incorrect please make sure to take the right answer as this asks us you to identify incorrect statement as statement four and two were incorrect hence option C is the right answer to this practice question now let us move to next article which also appeared in the Hindu newspaper it highlighted that despite Rising number of rail accidents the cover system is still in progress in terms of its implementation now this cover system is a train protection system which have been in news due to related train incidents now questions related to application and development of new technology which forms a part of GS paper 3 syllabus is asked in various different prelims examination especially in this 2018 prelims So based on this let us understand what is this cover system all about about now this system is an indigenous indigenously developed system which acts as a automatic train protection system now this system was uh brought forward by research design and standard organizations of the Indian Railway in collaboration with Indian industry now let us understand what are the various features of this very system first is that the information which is provided to the local pil logo Pilots it is provided in form of what kind of permissible speed should they operate their trains on further the system it automatically activates the Train&#39;s braking system is if in case the driver fails to control the speed as per the restricted speed further in case the driver jumps the red signal this system it automatically applies the brakes to the train in addition to activating the Hooter and this system plays a key role role in protecting the train in events such as dense fog events further this system also relays SOS message during the emergency situation now this system it enables the Indian Railway to centralize monitor its trains operation now let us understand how the working of this system takes place sorry now as you can understand this system operates on the combination of both GPS as well as radio communication technology through use of RFID tags now first of all this GPS it gauges the speed and location of train further these RFID tags have been embedded on various signals and crossings and the reader is embedded on these very trains which enables these train to read RFID tags of various signals and checkpoints hence whenever the train breaches these RFID tags over a permissible speed limit it automatically uh implements the cover system thereby protecting the train from various accidents understood so this system it operates on a combination of GPS as well as RFID technology So based on this information let us now solve the practice question the statement one cover it activates trains braking system automatically if the driver fails to control the train as per the speed restriction which is correct as this is an automatic system which applies the brake automatically further the traffic collision avoidance system that is cover system it enables two-way communication between station master and locco pilot using the NFC technology which again is an incorrect statement because it uses GPS and radio technology that is RFID taxs and not NFC or nearfield communication as only statement one is correct hence option A is the right answer to this practice question now let us quickly move to the last article of the day which you can see also appeared in the explained section of the Indian Express Newspaper now as the new loksabha it will start its functioning from July the 24th sorry June the 24th it brings our attention to the post of speaker because according to article sorry article 94 of the Indian constitution the speaker he or she remains in the office until the first meeting of next loksabha so you can understand the office of speaker will be Ved after the loksabha is constituted newly on the period of 24th of June so this brings a attention to the post of protm speaker because functioning of various State and Parliament legislature it is important from GS paper 2 syllabus further questions related to presiding officers of both or either houses it is important from prelims perspective as well case in point this pyq of the Year 2022 so in this regard let us understand what is this post of protm speaker all about now as the word protm it highlights a temporary word so the office of protm speaker is there until the new speaker is elected now is the Constitution mentions anything about the protm speaker the answer is no so the mention of protm speaker it is there in the handbook of the working of Ministry of parliament Affairs as it talks about of various powers and responsibilities of the speaker proin because according to this handbook the senior most member of the House which is senior most in terms of number of years of holding the membership of the house he or she is appointed as the protm speaker in general further the president himself administers the oath to the speaker protm further the powers of this protm speaker is as same as the power of speaker of the house which makes the protm speaker enable to Pride over the first sitting of the house now the precident over the first sitting it is essential because it enables the protm speaker to administer oath first of all to the newest member and it also enables the protm speaker to enable the house to elect the new speaker as well so whenever the new speaker is elected by the house the office of protm speaker it ceases to exist so naturally you can understand this is a temporary office which is held by an senior most member of the House in terms of years of the membership of the house so based on this information let us now solve the practice question on protm speaker the first statement appointment functions and duties of speaker and speaker protm are defined in the Constitution which you can understand is an incorrect statement because although Constitution speaks about the speaker&#39;s appointment and function however the Constitution does not highlight any function related to the speaker protm further the speaker protm has all the powers of speaker and he Prides over the first sitting of the newly elected Lo saaba which is a correct statement as I&#39;ve already highlighted here the third statement usually the oldest elected members of the house they appointed as Speaker protm which again is an incorrect statement because the office of protm speaker it is not not given to the oldest elected member rather it is given to a member who is senior most in terms of amount of years he or she has held the membership of that particular house so as statement first and third is incorrect and the question it asks us to identify incorrect statement hence option A is the right answer to this practice question so with this we conclude our today&#39;s session of Daily News simplified and we&#39;ll see you again tomorrow 6: p.m. shop until then I bid you a very good night

hello and welcome you are watching The Daily News simplified I&amp;#39;m anit so in today&amp;#39;s DNS that is 19th of June we&amp;#39;ll be covering seven important articles so without further Ado let us move straight away with the first article and please before that do not forget to give our video a thumbs up so coming to the first article of the day which you can see appeared in the Hindu newspaper now this article highlights that the chief of Defense staff he has released a blueprint for Warfare in the cyber space now as you can understand India&amp;#39;s uh threats it was primarily it emerged from three different dimensions that was from Land Air and sea however in recent times we have seen increasing in threats on the another set of domain that is in country cyers space now in this regard the country&amp;#39;s Armed Forces it they have released a joint Warfare to deal with threats that emerge in country&amp;#39;s cyberspace domain so this article will be covering details related to cyber security as it is essential to protect India cyber space from threats which emerge from both state and non-state actors further this topic is important from GS paper 3 perspective because as you can see the syllabus itself highlights Basics related to cyber security further questions related to cyber security have been appearing quite recently and in number of mains examinations for example in the mains of the Year 2022 a question appeared on different elements of cyber security so this topics become very much Essential for the perspective of mains examination so in this regard we&amp;#39;ll understand what are the various uh tenets of cyber security and how it is essential for a country like India to protect its cyber space from both state and non-state actors in addition we&amp;#39;ll also understand issues that the countries face in addition to a suggestive Way Forward so let us begin our discussion so as to how or why is there a need for a country to protect itself from a Cyber attack now in this regard let us understand how cyber attacks they impact a country like India for example cyber crimes which is related to cyber attacks it relates or it leads to significant financial loss for example Indians they have lost as much as 10,319 CR worth of money from cyber attacks and this has been from 2021 to present domain further if unchecked this will lead to about $20 billion loss in the next 10 years so you can understand protecting country from cyberspace it is quite important in order to prevent Financial loss to the citizens of our country further there have been government has been emphasizing on putting all our data on the internet because it provides us with ease to access of our personal data so for example government brought forward a unique ID system which was called as ad in addition to publishing our educational documents on country&amp;#39;s digilocker so all these initiatives as you can understand puts our personal and sensitive data in the domain of internet now as you can understand as all these data is present on internet it increases the risk of cyber attacks on this data in order to gain unauthorized access so in in order to protect country&amp;#39;s citizens and their personal data it is also very essential to protect country from cyber attacks additionally there are many critical infrastructure which is essential for the functioning of our country for example telecommunication sector Transportation sector or as far as power sector also because all these important critical infrastructure they function through the essentially they&amp;#39;re connected through internet so connection with internet it is essential for an interrupted functioning of these critical sectors so for example whenever Cyber attack it happens on these critical infrastructure it design it denies us with the availability of critical infrastructure in the country which you can understand will significantly hamper any country&amp;#39;s economy so also to protect our country&amp;#39;s critical infrastructure from unauthorized access and cyber attacks it is also essential for us to have a decent amount of cyber security in general further India&amp;#39;s information and communication sector is quite developed because it results into significant amount of employment creation and also it leads to significant amount of exports out of the country so it is very much Essential for any developing country like India to protect the Integrity of its information and communication sector now in terms of growth country&amp;#39;s information and communication sector it is expected to become a $330 billion industry by the year 2027 so to protect the country&amp;#39;s information and communication technology sector and its Integrity it is also essential for us to have a significant cyber security measures also as you can understand more and more people every day they are gaining access to country&amp;#39;s internet infrastructure because it is assumed that country currently has about 820 million internet users more than 50% of which they are from rural areas now despite increase in access to Internet country&amp;#39;s distal literacy level has not increased in a simultaneous manner so this exposes people to the vulnerability in cyberspace domain and further this cyers space it is very much Essential as people use internet to purchase items from e-commerce site or make online payments for example through UPI so the protection of country&amp;#39;s e-commerce and payment sector and banking it is also essential to protect India&amp;#39;s economy as a whole so all these factors they can be significant frequently hampered in case of cyber attacks so in this regard government has brought forward several steps in order to protect the country from cyber attacks in general the first measure it can be categorized or clubbed as an Institutional measure because government it brought forward many institutions which are responsible for ensuring cyber security in the country for example there&amp;#39;s a national critical information infrastructure protection Center which takes care of country&amp;#39;s critical infrastructure and it ensures cyber security of India&amp;#39;s critical infrastructure sector further there is National cyber security Coordination Committee which scans incoming and outgoing traffic and it in real time assesses the threats that are there to India&amp;#39;s cyber space in general further there are also bodies like uh s in which is computer emergency response team as this agency it is responsible for protection of country&amp;#39;s telecommunication sector from cyber attacks in general so these institutions or institutional measures they were taken by government in order to have institutions which are responsible for protecting cyber space in general further government also enacted certain legislation in this regard for example there&amp;#39;s an information technology act which was brought forward in the year 20 as this act it provides a legal framework for transaction which is carried over online medium and it also provides data access to only certain amount or certain categories of individuals because it is essential to protect India&amp;#39;s cyber security further government&amp;#39;s policies in cyber space it is determined by national cyber security policy which was brought forward in the year 2013 now this cyber security policy it gave the government A Way Forward on how to establish institutions and what kind of measures should it take in case of cyber attacks so these were the legislative measures further government is also engaged with other intergovernmental parties and organizations in order to promote cyber security in general for example it has engaged in what you can call cyber diplomacy with other count country such as us in order to uh gain better understanding of cyber security domain in the country further the government of India it has also engaged with other intergovernmental bodies and ngos like World economic Forum International telecommunications Union and it has participated in various initiatives by these bodies which can constitute International measures that have been taken by government to strengthen the country&amp;#39;s cyber security framework however despite all these measures there have been certain challenges which government faces in ensuring cyber security so let us take a look at these challenges one by one the first and probably the most important challenge is the presence of critical data in a country with multiple organizations as I&amp;#39;ve already highlighted uid which protects data which it has taken under the Adar uid scheme forther country&amp;#39;s Atomic sector the protection of which is under the department of atomic energy also there are educational Departments of various state governments which has your educational related data in addition to Health Department which has your sensitive health related data now protection of all these data are under the different organizations both under Union as well as state government so this presence of multiple organization it increases the challenge related to coordination between these organizations because first of all as you can understand the data is decentralized and various other bodies are managing these Silo datas so as you can understand as there are many bodies which are responsible for undertaking cyber security there are increased chance of mismanagement or miscommunication between these agencies further there have been lack of awareness among people in general related to various cyber security threats because every day you must be hearing that people click on unauthorized and spam links which leads to uh theft from their bank accounts and this highlights that there have been lack of awareness among the people of our country because in general access to Internet has been increasing however the commensurate increase in country&amp;#39;s distal literacy has not happened so this has led to significant amount of money and financial loss among people due to lack of awareness further people in general they are not aware on their need to ensure standard devices and softwares in their Internet devices for example country&amp;#39;s mobile phone they are either operated on Android system or the IOS operating system whereas computers they have Windows software of various kinds of Windows software however whenever these softwares are not updated periodically or these are of unauthorized or unlicensed version of the softwares it increases the risk of people of coming onto cyber attacks because if these devices are not updated thoroughly it can lead to opening up of various gaps which are then exploited by the Cyber criminals to gain unauthorized access to your devices further there have been an International Convention called Budapest convention which was brought forward by many countries in general now this convention it aimed at harmonizing laws bringing out better investigative techniques and increasing the cooperation among various countries however government of India has not been a part of this convention in general so you can understand government of India or India in general has been out of framing The Budapest convention which is essential for gaining access to cyber security techniques further as I&amp;#39;ve highlighted the policy framework which is followed by the government in order to protect cyber security of our country it is based on outdated laws such as it act which was enacted back in 2000 as well as National cyber security policy which was brought forward in the year 2013 and since then there have been many technological advances in the field of cyber security and cyber space however these legislations and policies they have proven to be inadequate to deal with various emerging challenges in the field of cyber space further despite large population India also Witnesses shortage of skilled professional especially in the government and private sector and because of absence of skilled professional who are responsible for cyber security we have seen increased cases of unreported incidents and this in addition to emerging threats due to evolving technology has created challenges in the field of cyber security so in this regard let us take a look at what should be the way forward in order to to make India a secure in a cyber space domain and the first suggestion in this regard is to secure the domain of cyber space by enabling the country&amp;#39;s armed forces and in this regard today&amp;#39;s news article becomes important because first of all there&amp;#39;s a need to ensure or include cyber space into the National Security fabric of our country because by ensuring the Cyber spake or making as a part of National Security fabric will ensure the country&amp;#39;s Armed Forces to assess the threats to country&amp;#39;s cyber space and also respond in kind to various cyber attacks on the country further it also requires enhanced SEC enhanced Synergy between the various security agencies because as I&amp;#39;ve already highlighted the storage of country&amp;#39;s critical information it is quite decentralized with many Department in general however to have a various and increased sense of cyber security it is essential to make or enhance the Synergy between different departments further there&amp;#39;s also need to deter the increasing instances of cyber attacks on our country which makes forward or makes it imperative for countries Armed Forces to bring a joint Doctrine because through joint Doctrine the country&amp;#39;s Armed Forces will be able to better plan and then execute the operations related to cyber space and cyber attacks further as I&amp;#39;ve already highlighted attribution of cyber attacks is quite difficult because whenever Cyber attack happens it is quite difficult for us to understand who or which party made that Cyber attack and in this regard absence of international cooperation plays a key role because current there are no acceptable Norms in order to how to function in a cyers space domain and in this regard there are no defined red lines on what kind of attacks will then be constituted as an attack on the country in general so it is very much Essential to Foster International cooperation between various countries first of all to Define what kind of red line should be there in country cyers space and also it will help understand the various nuances of cyber security and in this regard there is a need for India to sign the Budapest convention on cyber crime as then India will be a party to Convention and it will enable India to gauge the policy and make its policy regarding to its own convenience further as I&amp;#39;ve already highlighted India&amp;#39;s cyber space policy it is Guided by national cyber security policy of the Year 2013 however this policy although it gave principles of cyberspace however it lacked operational details so in order to make there&amp;#39;s a need to update this policy based on current circumstances further as I&amp;#39;ve already highlighted many state government agencies such as Educational Department Health Department they have significant amount of personal data so there&amp;#39;s also a need to update policy for cyber security at state level as well in order to make our country State more cyber secure in general further there are many regulatory bodies in our country such as Reserve Bank of India or computer Emergency Response Team certain they have brought forward several framework in order to ensure security audit of their regulated entities and also ensure self-reporting in case of cyber attacks so these security audit and self-reporting Norms can also be extended to other fields as well further as there have been increased instances of Cyber attack so has increased the demand for cyber Insurance in the country and you can understand this has become a burgeoning market because of increased demand of cyber Insurance however more than 80% of our country&amp;#39;s cyber Insurance demands are fulfilled after Outsourcing to other countries such as Singapore so there is very much need to evolve a cyber Insurance framework and make our companies more uh capacity build a company&amp;#39;s capacity in order to provide these cyber insurance policies in our country itself so these were the suggestions that have been enacted and that should be enacted by government in general in order to make a country cyber domain more secure and safe so with this we move to Second article of the day which also appeared in the Hindu newspaper now this article highlights that women&amp;#39;s panel that is National commission for women it has received over 12,600 complaints in this year itself now this body is a statutory body hence it is important from GS paper 2 syllabus further as you can see from this pyq of the Year 2020 a question straight away appeared on imparting constitutionality to the National commission for women so this body that is National conenction for women becomes important from the perspective of Main&amp;#39;s examination now in this regard let us understand what kind of body is National commission for women now as you can understand this body was enacted through this particular piece of legislation hence it makes this body a statutory organization now there are this body acts as an epics body which monitors and influence State policies with regards to women in our country now the function of this body discharged it is discharged to three different divisions the first is a division called complaints and counseling division which looks into complaints made by women and then it tries to resolve these complaints through counseling process further there&amp;#39;s also a legal cell under this commission which proposes numerous amendments to acts in order to make them more efficient and effective and also it suggested what kind of new Bills should be enacted by government to protect women in general further this body also contains a research cell and this cell has been responsible for carrying out of various studies related to violence against women from vulnerable section such as scheduled cast and scheduled tribes minorities Etc it ALS so undertakes welfare of Diversy women it understand what kind of health and educational access have been provided to women in general which makes this body an effective body and in this regard let us understand what kind of achievements have this body faced since the time it has been come into fruition the first is that this body that is National Commission of women played a key role in enactment of n domestic violence Act of the Year 2005 further during the instance of covid-19 pandemic where there was case of violence against women this body came up with a WhatsApp number which enabled women to register their complaints over the WhatsApp Messenger itself further from time to time this body has also proposed various amendments to key laws in the country for example medical termination of pregnancies act which was brought forward in 1971 or amendments to maternity benefits Act of the Year 1963 further this body also suggested amendments to dowy prevention Act of the Year 1961 in order to make all these laws more effective and stringent in general further this body also is responsible for creating legal awareness in order to make women understand what kind of rights do they have and in order and if the rights gets violated what kind of recourse do the women have hence this body is also responsible for addressing the Grievances of women through various pre-litigation process in this regard the uh commission it also organized parivarik mahila Lo adalats in the country which deals with the issues related to women and faced by them in their day-to-day lives further this body under the powers given under Section 1 8 subsection one of the act it also s suggested or set up various inquiry commissions as this inquiry commission was responsible for studying custodian violence against women prisoners or violence against women from vulnerable sections such as minorities schedule guides Etc also this body is responsible for development of female labor and various Avenue which are provided to these women so these are the notable achievements that have been witnessed due to formation of national commission for women however functioning of this commission also faces several challenges for example this body is given Powers which are not Concrete in nature because this body it submits reports to the government which gives certain recommendations to make women&amp;#39;s life better however these recommendations are not binding on the government which makes this body less effective in general further government exercises certain control over in what kind of membership does this commission have or what kind of finances is provided to this commission for example it is government of India which appoints members to the National Commission of women and in recent times we have seen there are political appointees who are appointed as members to the National commission and these appointees they either lack experience or understanding of key women issues further the finan uh the commission it operates on the grants which is given to the commission by the government itself hence all these government control in terms of appointing members and providing finances it jeopardizes the independence of this commission itself further as as you have witnessed awareness in general among women has increased so has increased the amount of complaints made to this body in general however the commensurate increase in the support staff which is given to the commission has not done so in an proper manner and this has led to shortage of stuff in the commission itself because the recent reported highlights that in order to function effectively this Commission needs 100 employees however it has not been provided required number of employees further the commission consist of seven members only So based on various suggestions it has been suggested that the commission should be expanded both in terms of employees as well as members additionally there exist National commission for women at National level whereas at state level we see there are State commission for women however it is important to note that the state Commission of women they function autonomously Way Beyond the control of national commission for women which creates issues such as there have been lack of coherency in order to deal with women issues in general because there is no control over State commission for women by the national Commission of women also because of various other lacunas we have seen that this body has been able to deal with women issue in a symbolic Manner and not deal with the issue in a comprehensive manner so these were the issues that lack of concrete legislative powers government control over finances and membership shortage in staff lack of coordination between National and state level bodies as well as symbolism over substance creat challenges into day-to-day functioning of the national commission for women so in this regard let us understand what should be the way forward in order to make this commission more effective in general the first suggestion in this regard it is related to giving constitutional recognition to this National Commission of women by amending article 368 of the Constitution Now by providing constitutional recognition to National commission women it will provide this body the necessary teeth to deal with Fire cases of Injustice and it will also enable the commission to review safeguards which are given to women further there should be enhanced legal powers that should be provided to commission which will enable these commissions to first of all enforce their directions and recommendation and also prosecute the offenders related to women further in order to effect for Effective functioning you also need enhanced funding for this Commission in general which can be given by independent budgeting of this body further there is also a need to increase the levels of awareness among women in general and in this regard the commission should deploy the resources of commission at local levels in order to gauge the various challenges that are faced by women at local level in general further in this regard the commissions should utilize mass media as well as social media to spread its message across the throughout the length and breadth of the country further it is also essential to increase the commission&amp;#39;s Outreach to remote areas of the country because these areas have women who are Untouched by the commun Commission in general in this regard the commission should establish mobile units which will enable it to reach remote areas and also it should engage with civil society organizations such as NOS in order to enhance its reach further this also a need to enhance educational and empowerment level of women in general and this can be done by making women understand their legal rights by making women understand their financial implication as well as improving the indicators required for health and educational level so so these are the suggestions that is needed for government to implement in order to make the national commission for women more effective in general so with this we move to next article of the day which you can see appeared in the Hindu newspaper in its opit section now as you can understand it was expected that the census will be held by the year 2021 however due to covid-19 pandemic and other reasons this has been postponed by the government from time to time now census exercise this is very much Essential in gauging the levels of population in the country and this makes it important from GS paper 1 perspective further questions related to population and their levels have been asked by upsc before in the past case in point this pyq of the year 2015 so to summarize this entire article in just one slide let me highlight that this article poses a question to the government now in this regard let us understand what is this census exercise in general now this census exercise it is uh in a basic level a complete enumeration of the country&amp;#39;s population now the legal sanctity to this exercise is provided by the census Act of the Year 1948 and it is conducted every 10 years now it has been conducted 15 times times and it was first conducted in the year 1872 now it is Office of the registar general and census commissioner who functions under Ministry of Home Affairs it is responsible for conducting this census exercise and this exercise it provides information related to size distribution socioeconomic characteristics and demographics of our country&amp;#39;s population now let us understand why it is first of all important to conduct census exercise for or in every 10 years because as you can understand it is uh important to conduct tenses because it provides us with the comprehensive data such as various demographic profile what kind of economic activities are the people involved in and what is their educational and literacy level because based on this comprehensive data this data acts as a foundation for government&amp;#39;s policies and planning and allocation of resources further this data it provides you the adequate data in order to understand changes in our country&amp;#39;s population and it enables the government to forecast as well as plan its resources distribution in general for the Census Data also provides us with various Trends and insights into country&amp;#39;s demographic profile for example it tends us it makes us understand at what rate the population is growing what kind of Ages do the population constitute and what are the migration patterns across the country because this data it helps the government to provide various facilities such as educational health or infrastructure creation So based on the comprehensive data first of all government understand what is the change in our country&amp;#39;s population and based on this change the government forecast and plans its allocation of resources further data related to age educational levels and infrastructure Creations it also gives or enables the government to undertake provision of services such as educ UC ational Services healthcare services for adults or senior citizens as well as creation of infrastructure in urban areas of the country and in terms of application this Census Data it provides institution of local governance such as Urban local bodies and pchy Raj institutions with the granular level of data that enables them to provide various services at the lowest administrative level of the country further uh population data it is also used to ensure the distribution of political constituencies across the country because it is needed to ensure fair and equitable distribution of population and it is essential for representation of people in in the legislations of our country So based on the Census Data the Del delimitation commission it distributes the constituencies based on loksabha as well as state islative assembly further the finance commission which is the Constitutional body responsible for allocation of Financial Resources it also utilizes census data to allocate resources from Union to various different states because the amount of population it plays a key role in distribution of financial resources and more is the population of state it is provided with a adequate or proportional level of funds by Finance commission so this are these are the benefits on why should a country conduct periodic census exercise however as these exercise have been delayed simultaneously it has related or it has led to several consequences and let me help you understand it with various examples first of all government it implements various welfare schemes based on the population level of our country for example there&amp;#39;s this national food Security Act Act of the Year 2013 which uh provides subsidized food grains to people in our country and according to this act about 67% of country&amp;#39;s population is provided with subsidized food grain now based on 2021 Census Data the nfsa provisions are provided to 80 CR people in general however as the census exercise has not been conducted it is expected that the beneficiary level for this particular scheme has increased to 92 CR so as government has not been able to increase the beneficiary base based on the Census Data it is in a way depriving 12 cor people with the right to seek subsidized food grain from the government and this also brings our attention to the possibility of legal Challenge on the government as by denying the 12 CR people the right to get subsidize food grain government is also denying them the right which is provided to them under article 21 as this article it provides people the right to live life with dignity however as they are not able to get sufficient amount of food it denies them the right under article 21 hence it brings the government under the potential of a legal challenge by people of our country so these were the consequence which can which The Government Can Face due to delays in conduct of census election or census exercise in the country so with this we move to next article of the day which you can see appeared in the explained section of the Indian Express Newspaper now this news article it highlights that have been certain economic projects which are undertaken in the great nicobar region and this brings several environmental concern also now this uh news article it is important from GS paper 3 perspective as the syllabus deals with environmental pollution and degradation so in this regard let us understand what are the projects that have been undertaken by the government in the region of great nicobar now underman nicobar Island integrated development cooperation it has undertaken several projects in the area of great nicobar first is it is constructing an international transshipment terminal which is a shipping terminal which will be used for shipment of various caros out of the country further this body is also constructing an international airport in order in addition to constructing of Township for people and also certain power projects now in hindsight all these projects they&amp;#39;re very much Essential for economic development of this region and in this regard let us understand what is the significance of Andaman and nicobar Island first of all by construction of trans shipment terminal the government is looking to increase the revenues from prit or shipment corridors in the country and because currently India is dependent on other trans shipment Port such as Columbo and Singapore for transshipment or supply of its cargo out of the country however when India constructs a trans shipment Corridor in India itself it will prevent the outgo of various Revenue to other ports across the country further by construction of International Airport it will also increase the levels of tourism in this region so you can understand this is the economic imperative of the government that is by undertaking development projects it is improving the economy of the Great nicobar region further the location of Andaman and nicobar it is quite strategic for India as well because India with or views itself as a regional power in the Indian Ocean region because this uh Andaman and nicobar Island it is there in Bay of Bengal region and significant presence of Indian Navy in this region will allow the Navy to project its power to Greater regions in the Indian Ocean region first further as this area it is quite near to the important states such as state of Malika Sund streate or lombok presence of Indian military or Indian establishment in these islands will ensure India to monitor the developments across these important states in the Indian Ocean region further it also enables Indian government to deploy more and more military assets in the great nicobar region because as government is under constructing airfields logistics for Army base for its military personnel as well as surveilling infrastructure such as Radars in general so all these increases the military preparedness of India in order to counter the threat that can emerge from Indian Ocean region primarily from that of China so these are the Strategic significance of Andaman and nicobar Island however despite various developments across economic and Military sector there are several consequences as well for example this project has undertaken several ecological impact on the region because it has led to faing up of trees destruction of coral reefs as well as threat to vulnerable species such as various Turtles and birds also construction or faing of trees it also violates the right of indigenous tribal in the area such as that of shen Tripes also this area is witnessed to significant cmic vulnerability also because of 2004 tsunami incident this area witnessed subsidence in its region so this has increased the sismic vulnerability of great neobar Islands so these are the environmental concerns that any developmental project will face in the great region of nicobar islands so with this we move to next set of Articles now this uh news article it is borrowed from a ad by the government which is there in both the Hindu and the Indian Express Newspaper now this ad it highlights that the prime minister of our country that is s Narendra Modi he will inaugurate the campus of nalanda University now as as you may recall nalanda University is an important Heritage which was there in even in ancient times and it provided education back in ancient Indian times also now this uh University it is a part of India&amp;#39;s Heritage and culture hence it is important from GS paper 1 perspective further questions related to education levels in ancient and Medieval Times have been asked by upsc before case in point this 2016 P so in this regard let us understand the importance of nalanda University which was also known as nalanda mahavihara now the ruins now the university it is established in the very vicinity of the ancient nalanda University and its ruins now the ruins of Alanda University it was declared by UNESCO as a world cultural heritage in the year 2016 now this University it was even found in the writings of Chinese traveler that was hansang now this University it was established during the period of Gupta Empire that is between 3rd and 6th century and the founder of this University was the king kumaragupta the first now various other successors of this King also patronized and build up upon the UN University and the University was also patronized post the Gupta period by King harshana in the 7th century and by the Pala rulers between 8 to 12th century further the curriculum that was taught in Nanda it included not just philosophies of Buddhist such as Mah H samka but it also included other subjects such as V Sanskrit grammar medicine and logic the important aspect of the most transformative part of this University that it also undertook International students from various Southeast Nations further this University was famed for its learned Professor who in ancient times were termed as upaj or another name as upadhi further there are many various famous Scholars that have been you associated with this particular University that is nagar Jun aryadev vasubandhu as well as asanga now this University it was destroyed back in 1190s by the Turkish ruler that was bakar kji so based in based on this information let us now solve the practice question consider the following statements in reference to nalanda mahavihara the Kumar Gupta one who was the founder of this mahavihara which is a correct statement as I&amp;#39;ve have already highlighted here because kumara Gupta was a Gupta Empire and kumaragupta first established this very University now the philosophical teachings at this mahavira it only focused on mahay tradition which you can understand is incorrect because this University it included studies related to Major Buddhist philosophy not just Mah Buddhism but also hin and samka Buddhism as well now asanga and nagarjuna they were famous Scholars who were associated with this mahavira which you can understand is the correct as I have highlighted that nagarjuna aryadev vandu and asanga are the famous Scholars associated with nalanda University now the fourth statement During the period of palas the mahavira it began to decline which is again incorrect because this uh University was also patronized by the Pala rulers between 8th to 12th century so which of the statements given above is or are incorrect please make sure to take the right answer as this asks us you to identify incorrect statement as statement four and two were incorrect hence option C is the right answer to this practice question now let us move to next article which also appeared in the Hindu newspaper it highlighted that despite Rising number of rail accidents the cover system is still in progress in terms of its implementation now this cover system is a train protection system which have been in news due to related train incidents now questions related to application and development of new technology which forms a part of GS paper 3 syllabus is asked in various different prelims examination especially in this 2018 prelims So based on this let us understand what is this cover system all about about now this system is an indigenous indigenously developed system which acts as a automatic train protection system now this system was uh brought forward by research design and standard organizations of the Indian Railway in collaboration with Indian industry now let us understand what are the various features of this very system first is that the information which is provided to the local pil logo Pilots it is provided in form of what kind of permissible speed should they operate their trains on further the system it automatically activates the Train&amp;#39;s braking system is if in case the driver fails to control the speed as per the restricted speed further in case the driver jumps the red signal this system it automatically applies the brakes to the train in addition to activating the Hooter and this system plays a key role role in protecting the train in events such as dense fog events further this system also relays SOS message during the emergency situation now this system it enables the Indian Railway to centralize monitor its trains operation now let us understand how the working of this system takes place sorry now as you can understand this system operates on the combination of both GPS as well as radio communication technology through use of RFID tags now first of all this GPS it gauges the speed and location of train further these RFID tags have been embedded on various signals and crossings and the reader is embedded on these very trains which enables these train to read RFID tags of various signals and checkpoints hence whenever the train breaches these RFID tags over a permissible speed limit it automatically uh implements the cover system thereby protecting the train from various accidents understood so this system it operates on a combination of GPS as well as RFID technology So based on this information let us now solve the practice question the statement one cover it activates trains braking system automatically if the driver fails to control the train as per the speed restriction which is correct as this is an automatic system which applies the brake automatically further the traffic collision avoidance system that is cover system it enables two-way communication between station master and locco pilot using the NFC technology which again is an incorrect statement because it uses GPS and radio technology that is RFID taxs and not NFC or nearfield communication as only statement one is correct hence option A is the right answer to this practice question now let us quickly move to the last article of the day which you can see also appeared in the explained section of the Indian Express Newspaper now as the new loksabha it will start its functioning from July the 24th sorry June the 24th it brings our attention to the post of speaker because according to article sorry article 94 of the Indian constitution the speaker he or she remains in the office until the first meeting of next loksabha so you can understand the office of speaker will be Ved after the loksabha is constituted newly on the period of 24th of June so this brings a attention to the post of protm speaker because functioning of various State and Parliament legislature it is important from GS paper 2 syllabus further questions related to presiding officers of both or either houses it is important from prelims perspective as well case in point this pyq of the Year 2022 so in this regard let us understand what is this post of protm speaker all about now as the word protm it highlights a temporary word so the office of protm speaker is there until the new speaker is elected now is the Constitution mentions anything about the protm speaker the answer is no so the mention of protm speaker it is there in the handbook of the working of Ministry of parliament Affairs as it talks about of various powers and responsibilities of the speaker proin because according to this handbook the senior most member of the House which is senior most in terms of number of years of holding the membership of the house he or she is appointed as the protm speaker in general further the president himself administers the oath to the speaker protm further the powers of this protm speaker is as same as the power of speaker of the house which makes the protm speaker enable to Pride over the first sitting of the house now the precident over the first sitting it is essential because it enables the protm speaker to administer oath first of all to the newest member and it also enables the protm speaker to enable the house to elect the new speaker as well so whenever the new speaker is elected by the house the office of protm speaker it ceases to exist so naturally you can understand this is a temporary office which is held by an senior most member of the House in terms of years of the membership of the house so based on this information let us now solve the practice question on protm speaker the first statement appointment functions and duties of speaker and speaker protm are defined in the Constitution which you can understand is an incorrect statement because although Constitution speaks about the speaker&amp;#39;s appointment and function however the Constitution does not highlight any function related to the speaker protm further the speaker protm has all the powers of speaker and he Prides over the first sitting of the newly elected Lo saaba which is a correct statement as I&amp;#39;ve already highlighted here the third statement usually the oldest elected members of the house they appointed as Speaker protm which again is an incorrect statement because the office of protm speaker it is not not given to the oldest elected member rather it is given to a member who is senior most in terms of amount of years he or she has held the membership of that particular house so as statement first and third is incorrect and the question it asks us to identify incorrect statement hence option A is the right answer to this practice question so with this we conclude our today&amp;#39;s session of Daily News simplified and we&amp;#39;ll see you again tomorrow 6: p.m. shop until then I bid you a very good night

Transcript for:The Daily News Simplified - 19th June

Transcript for:
The Daily News Simplified - 19th June