Lecture on Theories of Justice

Aristotle's Theory of Justice

Aristotle's idea of justice focuses on enabling individuals to live rich, flourishing lives.
Good political arrangements should provide what is necessary for human capability.
Although Aristotle's vision wasn't inclusive of all people, the concept of supporting human capability is foundational.

Emerged in the 17th and 18th centuries with philosophers like Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, and Kant.
Inspired by the feudal context where opportunities were distributed based on class and status.
Imagines human beings in a 'state of nature', stripped of inherited advantages, determining fair social arrangements.
Influences popular culture and public life, fostering ideas like self-reliance and skepticism towards welfare and social democracy.

Assumes equality in physical and mental power, which is not always true.
Fails to address justice for people with disabilities.
Overlooks the physical and mental inequality present among individuals, including children and the elderly.
Calls for addressing these inequalities in theories of justice.

Life: The most basic capability.
Bodily Health and Integrity: Health and physical well-being.
Development of Senses, Imagination, and Thought: Cognitive and sensory development.
Practical Reasoning: Critical thinking and decision-making skills.
Affiliations: Building relationships in family, friendships, and political communities.
Play and Recreation: Opportunities for leisure and recreation.
Relationships with Nature: Engagement with the natural world.
Emotional Capabilities: Living a life not dominated by fear.

The Capabilities Approach advocates for forming societies not out of fear but out of love and mutual cooperation.
Encourages creating a world that enhances the human condition and dignity.