The Significance of the Frontier in American History

Introduction

• Frederick Jackson Turner presented a paper at the American Historical Association in Chicago on July 12, 1893, during the World Columbian Exposition.
• The paper discusses the closing of the American frontier as reported in the 1890 census.

Key Concepts

Closing of the Frontier

• By 1890, the frontier line, which signified the edge of settlement, no longer existed.
• The frontier was crucial to American history, representing the colonization of the Great West.

American Development

• American institutions evolved as people moved westward, adapting to new challenges and environments.
• The frontier facilitated a return to primitive conditions, leading to a rebirth of American social development.
• The concept of the frontier shaped American character by emphasizing simplicity and fluidity.

Differences from European Frontiers

• The American frontier was less about fortified boundaries and more about free land.
• The frontier was seen as a meeting point between civilization and wilderness.

Frontier's Impact

Americanization

• The frontier was a line of rapid Americanization, transforming European settlers into Americans.
• European influences diminished as settlers moved west.

Economic and Social Impact

• The frontier contributed to the evolution of American political institutions and encouraged nationalism.
• Westward expansion promoted democracy by fostering individualism and anti-social tendencies.

Democracy and Individualism

• The western frontier promoted democracy and individualism, influencing political developments in older states.
• Free land allowed for economic and political power but also introduced risks of lax governmental affairs and financial instability.

Educational and Religious Influence

• The East attempted to guide the frontier through educational and religious activities.
• Intellectual and religious influences from the East played a significant role in shaping the West.

Conclusion

• The frontier shaped American identity, emphasizing traits such as inventiveness and individualism.
• With the closing of the frontier, a major period of American history ended, marking a shift in national character and opportunities.