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Internet Connections and Services

Jul 2, 2025

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Overview

This lecture covers types of internet connections, services offered by ISPs, differences between wired and wireless access, and various online services and protocols.

Introduction to the Internet

  • The internet is a global network linking computers and devices to share information.
  • A network connects two or more computing devices for sharing data.

Types of Internet Connections

  • ISPs (Internet Service Providers) sell internet access and services for a monthly fee.
  • ISPs offer services like webpage hosting, email, and both wired and wireless internet access.
  • Broadband is a high-speed, high-bandwidth internet connection; most users prefer broadband.

Criteria for Choosing Internet Connections

  • Consider mobility, speed, data caps (limits), shaped/ unshaped service, and cost when selecting a connection.

Wired Connections

  • ADSL uses telephone lines for internet; split into channels for calls and data, but speed decreases with distance from the exchange.
  • Fiber uses glass cables for faster and more stable data transmission than ADSL.
  • Wired options involve monthly ISP and line rental costs; fiber is faster and more stable than ADSL or cellular.

Wireless Connections

  • Wireless access (cellular, Wi-Fi hotspots, dongles) offers mobility and connection without cables.
  • Main advantage: connectivity almost anywhere; disadvantage: coverage can be poor in remote areas.
  • Wi-Fi connects devices to wired internet wirelessly within a small area (e.g., home, public hotspots).

Mobile Devices and Connectivity

  • Mobile devices often have built-in 3G, 4G, 5G, or LTE, plus Wi-Fi capability.
  • Devices automatically switch between Wi-Fi and cellular networks, depending on availability.
  • Some tablets/devices are Wi-Fi only; others support cellular SIM cards.

Online Communication Services

  • Real-time messaging apps (WhatsApp, Messenger) allow instant, cost-effective communication.
  • Disadvantages include identity concerns, cyberbullying, stalking, and identity theft.

VoIP and Video Conferencing

  • VoIP enables voice calls over the internet (e.g., Skype); it is cheaper and allows video calls and file sharing.
  • Stable, fast internet is essential for good VoIP/video conferencing quality.
  • Video conferencing was widely used during the pandemic; best practices include good lighting, privacy, and testing audio/video before calls.

Cloud Computing and Storage

  • Cloud computing runs programs over the internet via a browser; always up to date but relies on reliable internet.
  • Online storage (e.g., Dropbox, OneDrive) allows file sharing and storage but may have space limits or fees.

File Transfer and Sharing

  • Email is suitable for small attachments but not large files; may be blocked or insecure.
  • FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is used for large file transfers between remote computers.
  • Cloud storage services now often replace FTP for sharing large files.

Grid Computing

  • Combines processing power from multiple computers to solve complex problems.
  • Advantages: cost-effective, uses idle resources, enables powerful analysis.
  • Disadvantages: needs a fast network, potential for malware spread, not all computers may be powerful enough.

Government Internet Services

  • Many government services (IDs, passports, licenses) are available online.
  • Advantages: convenient, reduces queues, available anytime.
  • Challenges include the digital divide, setup costs, and security concerns.

Key Terms & Definitions

  • ISP — Internet Service Provider, a company providing internet access.
  • Broadband — High-speed, high-bandwidth internet connection.
  • ADSL — Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line, internet via telephone line.
  • Fiber — Internet using glass fiber cables for data transmission.
  • Wi-Fi — Wireless local area network technology.
  • VoIP — Voice over Internet Protocol, making calls via the internet.
  • FTP — File Transfer Protocol, rules for transferring files between computers.
  • Grid Computing — Sharing computing resources for complex problem-solving.
  • Cloud Computing — Running software/services via the internet.
  • Digital Divide — Gap between those with and without technology access.

Action Items / Next Steps

  • Review the definitions and differences between connection types (ADSL, Fiber, Wireless).
  • Be familiar with the advantages and disadvantages of each service.
  • Study criteria for choosing an internet connection.
  • Revise examples of cloud computing, storage, and government online services.

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