[Music] Secretary of Treasury Secretary of Treasury deals with money deals with money [Music] [Music] secetary hi and welcome back to Mr Raymond's Civic EOC Academy where today we will continue our test prep for the big Civic state exam with a look at roles rights and responsibilities of citizenship so what better place to start than looking at what it means to be a US citizen a citizen is a person who legally belongs to a country or state and has the rights and protections of that country the 14th Amendment passed after the Civil War Define citizens as those who were either born or naturalized in the United States and you have have to remember that the 14th Amendment is the amendment that clarified for us who was a citizen as we discussed anyone born in the United States becomes a citizen at Birth which is called law of soil someone who is born in another country but has at least one parent who is a US citizen also becomes a citizen at Birth which is called law of blood and for both of these These are what are known as being a natural born citizen for the rest of the people who want to become US citizens they have to go through the process called naturalization you need to know the requirements of eligibility for naturalization which I've seen on a few State practice tests and these are that you must be 18 be a legal resident in the country for 5 Years be of quote good moral character which means you don't break the law while you in the naturalization process and understand basic English you also need to know the steps to naturalization and on your exam they might ask you to put these in order first up someone must get permission to live here before they fill out the Naturalization application and remember it's 5 years minimum to live here next up they have to go through a background check and get fingerprinted next is the interview and after they've been here for at least 5 years they have to pass a Civics an English test and finally take the oath of Allegiance remember you take the oath of Allegiance last and if your test asks you to put these in order look for the list that has the oath of Allegiance last next what obligations do citizens have now you have to remember the word obligations means things that you have to do as a citizen they will sometimes use the word duty to describe these things citizens have to do but in most practice test questions I've seen they use the word obligations the obligations citizens have that they must do do are to obey the law pay taxes serve on juries and defend the nation these are the things that citizens must do and your test might give you a list with three of these and a responsibility and ask you which is not an obligation so let's cover our responsibilities responsibilities are the things that citizens should do and this is definitely a big theme for this course so chances are you'll be tested on these the big responsibilities that the state wants you to know are voting attending Civic meetings petitioning your government and running for office you need to remember that while these are things that everyone should do they are not obligations or duties just suggestions up next is a big one what is in the Bill of Rights so we spent a lot of time on these rights so I'm going to go through them pretty quickly if you feel like you don't know these go back to my video on them Amendment one is our five freedoms speech press assembly religion and petition the Second Amendment is the right to bear arms or own a gun the third amendment stops the government from quartering soldiers in your home something that goes back to the Declaration of Independence the fourth amendment is the closest we have to a right to privacy it protects from unreasonable search and seizure the fifth amendment is about due process it protects from double Je property being charged with the same crime twice provides the right to remain silent or not incriminate yourself it also has the eminent domain Clause where the government has to pay you for your home if they want to use it for public use the sixth amendment provides a speedy trial a lawyer and jury the right to confront your accuser and defend yourself the seventh provides for a jury in civil trials the eighth amendment protects from cruel and unusual punishment the ninth says rights not listed in the Bill of Rights belong to the people and the 10th Amendment says that powers not listed belong to the states or to the people okay what other amendments do you need to know well these mostly have to do with voting rights and extending the political process to minorities the 13th 14th and 15th amendments are known as the Civil War amendments these were about helping the newly freed slaves after the Civil War the 13th abolish slavery the 14th establish who was a citizen and provides equal protection under the law and this is a very important Amendment used to fight any type of inequality in our country and the 15th amendment gave the right to vote to African-American men or men of any color the 19th amendment gave the right to vote to women and very often they use this word suffrage remember suffrage means the right to vote the 24th Amendment abolish pole taxes this was the money charged to vote mostly directed at African-Americans in the South and the 26 Amendment lowered the voting age from 21 to 18 this took place during the Vietnam War what landmark Supreme Court cases do you need to know so you need to know the basics for these and especially the impact that they had on the country the first one is Marbury versus Madison and you need to know that this gave the Supreme court and federal courts the power of judicial review this is the power to declare a law unconstitutional this is almost guaranteed to be a question on your state exam as this is the big check in our checks and balances for the judicial branch next up are 14th Amendment cases using that equal protection under the law Clause that we just discussed first is Pie versus Ferguson a terrible case this was the case about an African-American man who was on a train and arrested for sitting in the white section you have to remember that Pie lost and that the outcome of this case which is known as separate but equal in which the South could segregate by race if they provided quote equal accommodations but they didn't it took Brown versus the Board of Education to basically start the beginning of the end for segregation as it outlawed the practice of segregation in our public schools and it opened the door for further Court challenges on the segregation policy especially in the South the next cases are about the rights of the accused starting with Gideon versus way wri Gideon couldn't afford a lawyer and this established the rule that no matter where the trial was the state had to provide counsel or a lawyer for those who couldn't afford it this was a violation of the sixth amendment Miranda versus Arizona established the rule that the accus used had to be notified of their right to remain silent the Fifth Amendment and their right to a lawyer the sixth amendment in Regal established that juveniles or kids had due process rights to a lawyer and to put up a defense basically that kids or juveniles had the same constitutional rights that adults have our next cases are free speech cases or First Amendment cases tinkerers of De Mo stated that kids had free speech in school and that speech included More Than Just Words it is the right to express yourself through clothing and art however Hazelwood versus Colm a case about a student newspaper ruled in favor of the school to limit that freedom of expression if it disrupts the learning environment finally we have cases of the Court getting involved with the executive branch United States versus Nixon taught us that even the president isn't above the law AKA ruler of law as President Nixon found out when his agents broke into the Democratic headquarters at the Watergate hotel in Bush versus Gore a divided Supreme Court stepped in during the 2000 election when Florida had trouble determining a winner in this historically close presidential contest again this was a quick overview of these cases and you're likely to be tested on a few of these so if you want to learn more about them check out our video on our YouTube channel and that is the end of part two so you're halfway there to acing your big exam just a reminder teachers that this PowerPoint with practice tests and other activities are available at teachers page teachers just search for Mr Raymond Civic zoc Academy up next we're going to be covering the government and politics so be sure to subscribe and thanks for watching