Pag-unawa sa Business Combination

Aug 22, 2024

Tala ng Talakayan tungkol sa Business Combination

Pangkalahatang Ideya

  • Business Combination ay isa sa pinakamahirap na paksa sa AFAR.
  • Kung maunawaan ang business combination, madali na ang AFAR board exam.
  • Mga sanggunian: IFRS 3 at IFRS 10.

Dalawang Uri ng Business Combination

  1. Merger

    • A + B = A o B
    • Ibig sabihin, mag-merge ang A at B, at isa lamang ang matitira (surviving entity).
    • Halimbawa: Grab at Uber
      • Grab ang natirang entity, habang ang Uber ay hindi na nag-ooperate.
    • Grab (Acquirer), Uber (Acquiree).

  2. Consolidation

    • A + B = C
    • Parehong A at B ay mag-ooperate at may bagong entity (C).
    • Halimbawa: Grab na bumili ng 51% sa Uber.
    • Grab (Parent), Uber (Subsidiary).

Paano Nakakamit ang Merger at Consolidation

  • Merger: Kadalasan sa pamamagitan ng asset acquisition (bibiliin ang mga asset at aasuming mga liabilities).
  • Consolidation: Kadalasan sa pamamagitan ng stock acquisition (bibiliin ang shares). Kailangan higit sa 50% ownership para sa control.

Financial Statements

  • Merger: Isang set ng financial statements (FS) lamang ang kailangan (FS ni A).
  • Consolidation: Tatlong set ng FS (A, B, at C).

Real-life Context sa Pilipinas

  • Maraming mergers and acquisitions (M&A) sa Pilipinas.
  • Halimbawa: 2019 - 44 M&A transactions na nagkakahalaga ng 812 billion pesos.
  • Regulasyon: Philippine Competition Commission (PCC).

Accounting para sa Business Combination

  • Under IFRS 3: Gagamitin ang acquisition method.
    1. Identify the acquirer.
    2. Determine the acquisition date.
    3. Recognize and measure goodwill o gain on bargain purchase.

Key Concepts sa Acquisition Method

  • Ang consideration transferred ay dapat i-compare sa fair value of net identifiable assets.
  • Goodwill: Kung mas mataas ang consideration transferred.
  • Gain on bargain purchase: Kung mas mababa ang consideration transferred.

Mahahalagang Termino

  • Consideration Transferred: Pambayad.
    • Cash, non-cash assets, shares, bonds, contingent consideration.
  • Non-Controlling Interest (NCI): Kung ang parent ay may less than 100% ownership.
  • Previously Held Equity Interest: Business combination achieved in stages.
  • Fair Value of Net Identifiable Assets: Assets minus liabilities.

Example Problem sa Merger

  • Z Corporation acquired net assets ni X at Y.
  • Computation ng goodwill, net increase/decrease sa retained earnings, stockholders' equity, at identifiable assets.

Computation Highlights

  1. Goodwill: 650,000.
  2. Net Increase/Decrease sa Retained Earnings: Decrease ng 469,250.
  3. Net Increase/Decrease sa Stockholders' Equity: Increase ng 8,904,250.
  4. Net Increase/Decrease sa Identifiable Assets: Increase ng 13,050,500.

Tandaan: Ang mga computations at terminolohiyang ito ay mahalaga sa pag-unawa ng business combinations sa accounting.