X-Ray Circuit Lecture Notes

Introduction

• Discussion on powering the X-ray machine.
• Importance of understanding the X-ray circuit components and their functions.

Electrical Supply

• Incoming Power: Alternating Current (AC) at about 220 volts.
• Main Power Switch: Large black switch in X-ray rooms.
• Protection: Fuses and circuit breaker to protect from excessive current, located on the primary side.

Key Components of X-Ray Circuit

Line Voltage Meter (Compensator)

• Measures and compensates for incoming line voltage fluctuations.
• Ensures consistent 220 volts to the auto transformer.

Auto Transformer

• First transformer in the circuit.
• Function: Selection of kilovoltage (KV), not production.
• Works on self-induction (single coil).

MA Selector (Rheostat)

• Located under the auto transformer.
• Function: Selection of milliampere (MA) settings, influences thermionic emission.
• Acts like a variable resistor or light dimmer.

Transformers

• Step-Up Transformer:
  • Converts volts to kilovolts.
  • Works off mutual induction (primary and secondary sides).
• Step-Down Transformer (Filament Transformer):
  • Decreases voltage, increases amperage.
  • Mutual induction, more primary coil windings than secondary.

Rectifier

• Converts AC to DC for the X-ray tube.
• Often depicted as a diamond shape with four triangles.
• Types: Half-wave and full-wave rectification.

Equipment Evolution

• Single Phase: 100% voltage ripple (inefficient).
• Three Phase Six-Pulse: 14% voltage ripple.
• Three Phase Twelve-Pulse: 4% voltage ripple.
• High-Frequency Equipment: Less than 1% voltage ripple (ideal).

Practical Tips

• Review and label X-ray circuit diagrams.
• Different transformers might look different but function similarly.
• Understand primary vs. secondary sides, and the filament.
• Clarify the purpose and function of each component.

Conclusion

• Don't let the circuit overwhelm you.
• Identify components and their functions.
• Use diagrams to visualize circuit layout and operations.

Study Suggestions

• Practice drawing and labeling the circuit.
• Focus on understanding what each part does, its location, and how they connect.
• Review different diagrams for a comprehensive understanding.