So continuing our discussion about the gross anatomy of bones, let's look at the different types of markings found on bone. Usually these markings are sites of attachment for muscles, ligaments, tendons. It can be for joint surfaces as well.
You might have projections or sort of these little outcroppings of bone where the bone might be thicker and this usually indicates points along the bone where there might be greater amounts of stress and that greater amount of stress could be attributed to the pulls of particular muscles or some kind of modification needed for the stabilization of a joint. Additionally you can have openings and depressions that allow for blood vessels and nerves to pass. So here we have a list from your textbook of all the different types of markings and a description of them as well as a particular example and we'll be touching on these various markings in module seven and eight as we discuss the axial and appendicular skeleton but just to go over a couple of it a couple of examples so here we have a tuberosity So a tuberosity shown right here, the ischial tuberosity.
This is where you have a large rounded projection. It can be sort of roughened up because it's a point of attachment to muscles or ligaments. You can have a crest, kind of this almost bowl shape region. So an example of the iliac crest in the coxal bone.
So it can be prominent. Now compare that to the line, which is less prominent than the crest. You can have the trochanter. So you only really see the trochanter in the femur. So it's highly irregularly shaped.
And then you can have the condyle this is where again points of articulation can happen where bone meets bone and then you have the epicondyle here the medial appendicondyle which is usually above the condyle so it's just a raised area of the bone again facilitating attachment so we have all of these different types of projections that are found on the bone and we will kind of discuss them in a little bit more detail as we discuss each of these bones in module 7 and module 8. So some projections that are important to form joints you can have the head again you see the condyle here as well and again the point here is I don't want to go over each of the names I just want you to sort of understand from the big picture at this point of what these markings serve as points of attachment, as indicators of stress on the bone where the bone might become thickened.