Philippine Politics and Governance

Magandang araw sa inyo lahat. Ito ang Philippine Politics and Governance, isang subject under the Humanities and Social Sciences strand sa Senior High School. Para sa unang lesson sa subject na ito, pag-uusapan natin ang meaning of politics, government, and governance. It's main objective is to explain the concept, relationship, and importance of politics, governance, and of the government. So let us try to think of words or phrases when we hear the word politics. So ano-ano yung mga salita o mga grupo ng mga salita na naiisip ninyo pag nabasa o narinig ninyo ang salitang politika or politics. Pwede nyo i-pause ang video na ito and think of at least six words or phrases that you think are related with the word politics. So, who among you is thinking of the government, the president, the law, the issues that our country is facing? For example, the pandemic, the COVID-19 pandemic, and many more. So, what is politics? So politics came from the Greek word politika or affairs of the cities. At yung cities naman sa Greek ay tinatawag na polis. So meron daw politika when there are set of activities that are associated with decision making in groups. Yung politics sa konteksto ng paggagawa or pagdedesign sa isang desisyon, politics daw yun. There is also a politics when it comes to power between individuals. So politics is also power relations between individuals. There is also a politics when it comes to resources of a community or a country at large. Or the distribution, I mean, of the resources, ay pinag-uusapan or binibigyan ng desisyon. What else? So politics is the exercise of power, the science of government, the making of collective decisions, the allocation of scarce resources, and the practice of management and leadership. Let us start with exercise of power. In the context of the Philippine politics, we can see that we have leaders. Ang mga leaders na ito, most of them are elected. And sino ang nag-elect sa kanila? The citizens. So, in order for them to practice the authority that we have given them, papasok ang field ng politics. So, when it comes with management, of the government or the science of the government, politics din daw yun. Nung nabanggit sa previous slides that politics is about decision making, yes, it is about making of collective decisions. So when we say collective decisions, lalong-lalo na sa ating bansa na tayo ay democracy at may demokrasya, We can see that the decisions made by the government and the agencies under the government are the result of collective decisions of different sectors or different personalities that are in charge of us. Our country is also rich in resources, although we are really challenged right now because of the pandemic. nagkakaroon ng kakulangan ng supply sa iba't-ibang resources. That's why the government, through politics, they are trying to manage the resources that we have right now. And of course, the practice of management and leadership. Kasi kung ang mga namumuno sa atin ay mahusay mag-manage at may leadership. We can see that the country or the community is moving forward and not backward. So in politics, dinidiscuss yung who gets what, when, and how. So ano ibig sabihin ng who gets what, when, and how? So sino daw ang nakakakuha ng ano? Kung ano man yun, pwedeng resources, pwedeng service. Kailan at paano? Dahil tayo ay citizens, tayo ay entitled sa iba't-ibang servisyo publiko, then we can say that we are receiving those kinds of services. On a matter of when and how, it really depends, maybe, one, sa pangangailangan natin, at pangalawa, sa availability ng resources, kung kailan ibibigay ang certain services na ito. Best example natin dyan is the vaccine for the COVID-19. Diba, sa panahon ngayon, ang ating gobyerno ay We are waiting for the delivery or purchase of the vaccine and not all of the first batch of vaccine in our country will be able to be given. So we have priorities that will be given first by the vaccine and not all of the 100 million plus Filipinos will be able to receive the vaccine immediately. Isang malaking tanong para sa atin, ang politika ba ay mabuti or masama? Is it good or bad? So ihahangko kayo dun and let's continue talking about politics. So ano-ano yung characteristics ng politics? Ito yung sinabi ni Shively noong 2013. So number one, politics always involves the making of collective decision for a group of people. So, kasama daw ang lahat or kung hindi man lahat, certain group of people are involved in policymaking or decision-making. Number two, these decisions are made by some members of the group exercising power over other members of the group. Maybe in some cases, kailangan ma-win ng isang grupo ang isa pang grupo or manalo over the other para yung decision niya ang mangibabaw over the decision of the other group. So politics din daw yun. Now let's talk about the values of politics. Number one, politics... Politics helps you to know your rights. Kayo ba, mga nanunood, mga mag-aaral, alam nyo ba ang karapatan ninyo? If yes, congratulations. If not, maybe it's time for you to know your rights. And for us to be given our rights, for you to be able to know your rights, politics plays a very important... and vital role in that. Number two, politics clarifies what you yourself believe. As an educator, I have seen a lot of youth that are misled. Maybe of the misinformation given by the social media or maybe the media in some cases. And for you to be able to discern or mas malaman ng mas malalim yung mga pinaniwalaan mo. Politics also has something to do with that. Number three, politics is a living, breathing subject. So many will eventually go out or aalis sa earth, but the science of government and... Politics is here to stay. Number four, politics helps you to understand our nation's parties. Ano ba itong nation's parties na ito? Our country, the Philippines, we have many groups sa ating bansa na nagkakaroon ng kanya-kanyang political ideologies or paniniwala in terms of politics and the subject will lead you into at least learning some of them para mas maging aware tayo sa nangyayari sa ating bansa at sa ating community politics prepares you for adult life so paano daw nape-prepare ng politics ang mga kabataan into adult adult life so one ano bang meron pagka adult ng isang tao What does an adult do? So, a lot of people work, are part of the community, become part of a wider sector in society. And when you're out of school, you will see a lot of things that are driven by politics. Politics doesn't disappear no matter where you go. In the simple decision making of things, in the simple way of looking at things that are in the community, Sa transportation, sa services, laging merong politics. So, this subject, this science of government, this idea, this term, politics, will lead learners and the youth into a better understanding of what lies ahead of you. So, tignan natin kung politika ba itong mga ito. So the first picture, so what do we see there? We have the image of our president. And third, there's the Philippines Skyway Stage 3. So do you think this is politics? So in the first picture, we can interpret this as Poverty, kahirapan sa ating bansa. The third picture, pwede naman natin ma-interpret ito bilang progress sa ating bansa. So ang pananatili ng kahirapan at ang progress sa ating bansa, ito ba ay politika? So babalik ako sa isang, sa tanong ko kanina, is politics good or bad? Maybe while watching this video, some of you are thinking that yes, politics is good. Because without politics, we don't have services. You can think that politics is bad because other leaders in our country are corrupt. Or our country's services are not quality or fail. Nonetheless, Politics will, sabi ko nga kanina, politics will stay as the science of government. It is a way to decide into policies or services that might be offered sa ating mga citizens and a lot more. So in the question of being good or being bad, maybe both. Parehong merong mabuti. at masamang na ibubunga ang politika. Pero as a science of the government, maybe it's more of a beneficial because without politics, we wouldn't be experiencing a lot of services and we wouldn't be realizing kung ano yung mga karapatan natin bilang tao. So pwede nyong sagutin ito on your own. I will leave you to... deciding or reflecting on these questions. Now let's talk about governance. So governance came from the Latin word gobernare and the Greek word gobernain, which means to steer. Parang nagdadrive, something like that. So what is governance? Governance is the manner of steering or or governing it is directing or controlling a group of people or of a state this is the process of decision making and the process by which decisions are implemented or not implemented so when we say governance this is in tagalog pamahala so how do the leaders basically govern us paano sila So, Some interesting words that I would want to emphasize, it is the process of decision making by which these decisions are implemented or not implemented. So not every decision is implemented and not all are not implemented. So governance is directly related to politics since politics is the art of governance. So hindi natin pwedeng paghiwalayin ang salitang governance or pamamahala sa politika dahil walang governance kung walang politics at walang politics kung walang governance. It is the exercise of power or authority by political leaders for the well-being of the citizens. Now this is a good definition of governance. Although at some, lalo na sa experience natin sa Philippines, it is questionable in a sense that hindi lahat talaga ng leaders natin ay masasabi nating really upright at dedicated and accountable sa kanilang sinumpaang tungkulin. However, we still have a lot of or many leaders are still looking into the well-being of our citizens or of us. When they exercise their power and authority to lead people for our well-being, then we may have a good governance on the latter. Governance, its complexity includes the promulgation of policies that affect directly human and institutions, whether economic and social development. So governance doesn't only mean that you will lead the people or you will manage the groups of people to a better situation in their lives, but it also includes the management of the police that can improve the quality of life. That's why it's said that governance is associated with promulgation of policies that are associated economically and socially. Governance. There is a great deal in managing the proper utilization of resources. Ito medyo nagiging iterative sa atin, yung utilization and management of resources. Kasi our resources are always limited. Hindi yan unlimited. So, we need to manage our country's resources properly. So, what are the characteristics of good governance? Number one, participation. If all members of the community or citizens partake in governmental process, then we can say that there is good governance. For example, in a city or in a community, If the leaders are involving the community people or the people in the community, we can say that they become effective in governing people because they involve them. And sometimes, leaders really need to understand that for them to feel people, they also need to feel people. Do you understand that? So, when a person realizes that they have a role in the community, they have a sense of ownership. And when there's a sense of ownership in the community, they're part of it. Whether the result is positive or negative, they're part of it. And who will start the feeling? It's about making them feel that they are part of the leaders if they have good governance. Number two, good governance is also characteristic of the rule of law. So there's impartiality of the legal framework and full protection of human rights and dignities. There is good governance if the leaders, leading or governing people are Thinking at the law as not above anybody else, and not below someone else. So, if there is impartiality, if we say impartiality is fair, the law does not violate, and this is shown by those who govern us, then there is good governance. When there is transparency, the information is freely accessible. And that is an indication also of a good governance. Why? If you want to know a project in your community, and you want to ask, magkano ang budget nito? And if you really would want to understand, paano ginastos ang pera nito? Because the money being spent in that specific project, for example, ay pera ng taong bayan. So hindi ito pera ng mga... namumuno sa atin. Ito ay pera ng bawat isa dahil ito ay tax na ating binayaran. At kung ang isang namumuno or mga namumuno ay transparent kung paano nila ginastos ang pera or kung hindi man pera sa servisyo o sa iba pang bagay na binibigay nila or itinalaga sa kanila, then we can say that there is good governance because they are transparent. Another is responsiveness. So pag sinabi nating responsiveness, what about the services na ibinibigay ng namumuno? Eto ba ay maganda? Eto ba ay may quality? Eto ba ay sustainable? Is this beneficial to more people? If our answer is yes, then we can say that there is good governance. Number five, another characteristic of good governance is that leaders are consensus-oriented. When we say consensus-oriented, they are not only basing the things that they implement or the policies that they make based on their own understanding but on the understanding of the people at large. If there is a general agreement or unanimity of views or opinions and in facts, for sure, walang 100% na agreement. Laging merong... mag-o-oppose. But if most of the members ay willing to have a consensus, then maayos ang pumumuno, merong good governance. There's a concept of effectiveness and efficiency. So ano yung pagkakayba ng effectiveness and efficiency? So pag sinabi nating effectiveness, may resulta ba? If we say efficiency, resources are limited, capability is limited, but even if resources and capability are limited, can it still give good results? If yes, then you have a government that is effective and efficient. Number seven is equitable and inclusive. If we say, Equitable, there's a sense of fairness. Hindi lang siya basta equal ah. It's a deeper meaning of equality. So equitable. Pag sinabi namang inclusive, para sa lahat. So hindi lang nagpo-provide ng servisyo para sa iilan, pero nagpo-provide ng servisyo para sa mas nangangailangan at available para sa lahat. And last, number eight, good governance ang meron if the leaders are accountable to what they do. Kung ano yung ginagawa nila. So the question there is, do you take or do the leaders take full responsibility of their actions? So those are the characteristics of good governance. Ang ating bang republika, ang ating bang bansa, ang ating bang mga leaders, ay meron ng mga characteristics na yun. So kayo na yung makakasagot nun. What about the government? What is government? So government is a group of people with the authority to govern a country or a state. So in basic terms, In politics and governance, in this subject as a whole, ang gobyerno ay ang mga tao. Common misconception ng mga mag-aaral, perhaps, na ang gobyerno ay ang mga namumuno. Wrong. Ang gobyerno ay ang tao. So we are the government. We have the say sa mga services, sa mga policies, sa mga laws. Because walang bansa kung walang tao, walang gobyerno kung walang tao, everything that the leaders have, the country has, nakadepende most of which sa tao. So we are the government. The people is the government. So before we end... The Philippines is a republic with a presidential form of government wherein power is equally divided among its three branches, the executive, legislative, and judicial. The government seeks to act in the best interests of its citizens through this system of check and balance. So according to Article 2, Section 1 of the 1987 Constitution, the Philippines is a democratic and republican state. Sovereignty resides in the people and all government authority emanated from them. So this slide will make us realize that even if we have leaders, even if we have people who are governing us and working in the government, one, the people collectively, tayo pa din ang may pinakamataas na kapangyarihan over any leader in the country. Why? Because we are the government. And during elections, lahat ay pantay-pantay at ang boto ng mamamayan ang magdidikta ng kinabukasan ng bansa. In addition, nadagdag din sa information, Although we will be having a deeper discussion on this, yung three branches of the government, the executive, legislative, and judicial, itong branches of the government na ito, ang nagsisilbing pilar or halige para ang ating bansa ay tumakbo ng naaayon sa batas at ang naaayon sa kapakanan ng mas nakararami. So thanks to Ponder. So, ano yung definition ng politics? On your own understanding, ano yung pagkakaiba ng governance and government? Sino ang government? And as a youth, as a learner, are you having your fair share of being part of the government? Ano-ano ba yung mga ginagawa mo sa kasalukuyan? Pwede mong gawin sa hinaharap that you can... think of na pwedeng makatulong sa nation building. And lastly, politics ang subject natin, which means there will be times that some issues will be raised, although sobrang effective talaga pag ito ay face-to-face, sayang, pero ganun paman, lagi nating tatandaan na hindi pulat. and yellow is the true enemy. So, people's views are different. Political views, religious views, or beliefs, and anything. We always remember that there is the greatest law that governs us. And if we understand how that works, then... Kahit ano pa mang paniniwala ng bawat isa, ilirispeto natin yun. So, see you sa next lesson. Magandang araw sa inyong lahat at maraming salamat.

So ano-ano yung mga salita o mga grupo ng mga salita na naiisip ninyo pag nabasa o narinig ninyo ang salitang politika or politics. Pwede nyo i-pause ang video na ito and think of at least six words or phrases that you think are related with the word politics. So, who among you is thinking of the government, the president, the law, the issues that our country is facing? For example, the pandemic, the COVID-19 pandemic, and many more. So, what is politics?

So politics came from the Greek word politika or affairs of the cities. At yung cities naman sa Greek ay tinatawag na polis. So meron daw politika when there are set of activities that are associated with decision making in groups.

Yung politics sa konteksto ng paggagawa or pagdedesign sa isang desisyon, politics daw yun. There is also a politics when it comes to power between individuals. So politics is also power relations between individuals.

There is also a politics when it comes to resources of a community or a country at large. Or the distribution, I mean, of the resources, ay pinag-uusapan or binibigyan ng desisyon. What else?

So politics is the exercise of power, the science of government, the making of collective decisions, the allocation of scarce resources, and the practice of management and leadership. Let us start with exercise of power. In the context of the Philippine politics, we can see that we have leaders. Ang mga leaders na ito, most of them are elected.

And sino ang nag-elect sa kanila? The citizens. So, in order for them to practice the authority that we have given them, papasok ang field ng politics.

So, when it comes with management, of the government or the science of the government, politics din daw yun. Nung nabanggit sa previous slides that politics is about decision making, yes, it is about making of collective decisions. So when we say collective decisions, lalong-lalo na sa ating bansa na tayo ay democracy at may demokrasya, We can see that the decisions made by the government and the agencies under the government are the result of collective decisions of different sectors or different personalities that are in charge of us. Our country is also rich in resources, although we are really challenged right now because of the pandemic. nagkakaroon ng kakulangan ng supply sa iba't-ibang resources.

That's why the government, through politics, they are trying to manage the resources that we have right now. And of course, the practice of management and leadership. Kasi kung ang mga namumuno sa atin ay mahusay mag-manage at may leadership. We can see that the country or the community is moving forward and not backward.

So in politics, dinidiscuss yung who gets what, when, and how. So ano ibig sabihin ng who gets what, when, and how? So sino daw ang nakakakuha ng ano? Kung ano man yun, pwedeng resources, pwedeng service. Kailan at paano?

Dahil tayo ay citizens, tayo ay entitled sa iba't-ibang servisyo publiko, then we can say that we are receiving those kinds of services. On a matter of when and how, it really depends, maybe, one, sa pangangailangan natin, at pangalawa, sa availability ng resources, kung kailan ibibigay ang certain services na ito. Best example natin dyan is the vaccine for the COVID-19. Diba, sa panahon ngayon, ang ating gobyerno ay We are waiting for the delivery or purchase of the vaccine and not all of the first batch of vaccine in our country will be able to be given.

So we have priorities that will be given first by the vaccine and not all of the 100 million plus Filipinos will be able to receive the vaccine immediately. Isang malaking tanong para sa atin, ang politika ba ay mabuti or masama? Is it good or bad? So ihahangko kayo dun and let's continue talking about politics.

So ano-ano yung characteristics ng politics? Ito yung sinabi ni Shively noong 2013. So number one, politics always involves the making of collective decision for a group of people. So, kasama daw ang lahat or kung hindi man lahat, certain group of people are involved in policymaking or decision-making.

Number two, these decisions are made by some members of the group exercising power over other members of the group. Maybe in some cases, kailangan ma-win ng isang grupo ang isa pang grupo or manalo over the other para yung decision niya ang mangibabaw over the decision of the other group. So politics din daw yun. Now let's talk about the values of politics.

Number one, politics... Politics helps you to know your rights. Kayo ba, mga nanunood, mga mag-aaral, alam nyo ba ang karapatan ninyo? If yes, congratulations. If not, maybe it's time for you to know your rights.

And for us to be given our rights, for you to be able to know your rights, politics plays a very important... and vital role in that. Number two, politics clarifies what you yourself believe.

As an educator, I have seen a lot of youth that are misled. Maybe of the misinformation given by the social media or maybe the media in some cases. And for you to be able to discern or mas malaman ng mas malalim yung mga pinaniwalaan mo. Politics also has something to do with that.

Number three, politics is a living, breathing subject. So many will eventually go out or aalis sa earth, but the science of government and... Politics is here to stay.

Number four, politics helps you to understand our nation's parties. Ano ba itong nation's parties na ito? Our country, the Philippines, we have many groups sa ating bansa na nagkakaroon ng kanya-kanyang political ideologies or paniniwala in terms of politics and the subject will lead you into at least learning some of them para mas maging aware tayo sa nangyayari sa ating bansa at sa ating community politics prepares you for adult life so paano daw nape-prepare ng politics ang mga kabataan into adult adult life so one ano bang meron pagka adult ng isang tao What does an adult do? So, a lot of people work, are part of the community, become part of a wider sector in society.

And when you're out of school, you will see a lot of things that are driven by politics. Politics doesn't disappear no matter where you go. In the simple decision making of things, in the simple way of looking at things that are in the community, Sa transportation, sa services, laging merong politics.

So, this subject, this science of government, this idea, this term, politics, will lead learners and the youth into a better understanding of what lies ahead of you. So, tignan natin kung politika ba itong mga ito. So the first picture, so what do we see there? We have the image of our president.

And third, there's the Philippines Skyway Stage 3. So do you think this is politics? So in the first picture, we can interpret this as Poverty, kahirapan sa ating bansa. The third picture, pwede naman natin ma-interpret ito bilang progress sa ating bansa.

So ang pananatili ng kahirapan at ang progress sa ating bansa, ito ba ay politika? So babalik ako sa isang, sa tanong ko kanina, is politics good or bad? Maybe while watching this video, some of you are thinking that yes, politics is good.

Because without politics, we don't have services. You can think that politics is bad because other leaders in our country are corrupt. Or our country's services are not quality or fail. Nonetheless, Politics will, sabi ko nga kanina, politics will stay as the science of government.

It is a way to decide into policies or services that might be offered sa ating mga citizens and a lot more. So in the question of being good or being bad, maybe both. Parehong merong mabuti.

at masamang na ibubunga ang politika. Pero as a science of the government, maybe it's more of a beneficial because without politics, we wouldn't be experiencing a lot of services and we wouldn't be realizing kung ano yung mga karapatan natin bilang tao. So pwede nyong sagutin ito on your own.

I will leave you to... deciding or reflecting on these questions. Now let's talk about governance.

So governance came from the Latin word gobernare and the Greek word gobernain, which means to steer. Parang nagdadrive, something like that. So what is governance? Governance is the manner of steering or or governing it is directing or controlling a group of people or of a state this is the process of decision making and the process by which decisions are implemented or not implemented so when we say governance this is in tagalog pamahala so how do the leaders basically govern us paano sila So, Some interesting words that I would want to emphasize, it is the process of decision making by which these decisions are implemented or not implemented.

So not every decision is implemented and not all are not implemented. So governance is directly related to politics since politics is the art of governance. So hindi natin pwedeng paghiwalayin ang salitang governance or pamamahala sa politika dahil walang governance kung walang politics at walang politics kung walang governance.

It is the exercise of power or authority by political leaders for the well-being of the citizens. Now this is a good definition of governance. Although at some, lalo na sa experience natin sa Philippines, it is questionable in a sense that hindi lahat talaga ng leaders natin ay masasabi nating really upright at dedicated and accountable sa kanilang sinumpaang tungkulin. However, we still have a lot of or many leaders are still looking into the well-being of our citizens or of us. When they exercise their power and authority to lead people for our well-being, then we may have a good governance on the latter.

Governance, its complexity includes the promulgation of policies that affect directly human and institutions, whether economic and social development. So governance doesn't only mean that you will lead the people or you will manage the groups of people to a better situation in their lives, but it also includes the management of the police that can improve the quality of life. That's why it's said that governance is associated with promulgation of policies that are associated economically and socially.

Governance. There is a great deal in managing the proper utilization of resources. Ito medyo nagiging iterative sa atin, yung utilization and management of resources.

Kasi our resources are always limited. Hindi yan unlimited. So, we need to manage our country's resources properly. So, what are the characteristics of good governance? Number one, participation.

If all members of the community or citizens partake in governmental process, then we can say that there is good governance. For example, in a city or in a community, If the leaders are involving the community people or the people in the community, we can say that they become effective in governing people because they involve them. And sometimes, leaders really need to understand that for them to feel people, they also need to feel people.

Do you understand that? So, when a person realizes that they have a role in the community, they have a sense of ownership. And when there's a sense of ownership in the community, they're part of it.

Whether the result is positive or negative, they're part of it. And who will start the feeling? It's about making them feel that they are part of the leaders if they have good governance.

Number two, good governance is also characteristic of the rule of law. So there's impartiality of the legal framework and full protection of human rights and dignities. There is good governance if the leaders, leading or governing people are Thinking at the law as not above anybody else, and not below someone else. So, if there is impartiality, if we say impartiality is fair, the law does not violate, and this is shown by those who govern us, then there is good governance. When there is transparency, the information is freely accessible.

And that is an indication also of a good governance. Why? If you want to know a project in your community, and you want to ask, magkano ang budget nito? And if you really would want to understand, paano ginastos ang pera nito? Because the money being spent in that specific project, for example, ay pera ng taong bayan.

So hindi ito pera ng mga... namumuno sa atin. Ito ay pera ng bawat isa dahil ito ay tax na ating binayaran.

At kung ang isang namumuno or mga namumuno ay transparent kung paano nila ginastos ang pera or kung hindi man pera sa servisyo o sa iba pang bagay na binibigay nila or itinalaga sa kanila, then we can say that there is good governance because they are transparent. Another is responsiveness. So pag sinabi nating responsiveness, what about the services na ibinibigay ng namumuno? Eto ba ay maganda? Eto ba ay may quality?

Eto ba ay sustainable? Is this beneficial to more people? If our answer is yes, then we can say that there is good governance. Number five, another characteristic of good governance is that leaders are consensus-oriented. When we say consensus-oriented, they are not only basing the things that they implement or the policies that they make based on their own understanding but on the understanding of the people at large.

If there is a general agreement or unanimity of views or opinions and in facts, for sure, walang 100% na agreement. Laging merong... mag-o-oppose. But if most of the members ay willing to have a consensus, then maayos ang pumumuno, merong good governance.

There's a concept of effectiveness and efficiency. So ano yung pagkakayba ng effectiveness and efficiency? So pag sinabi nating effectiveness, may resulta ba? If we say efficiency, resources are limited, capability is limited, but even if resources and capability are limited, can it still give good results?

If yes, then you have a government that is effective and efficient. Number seven is equitable and inclusive. If we say, Equitable, there's a sense of fairness. Hindi lang siya basta equal ah.

It's a deeper meaning of equality. So equitable. Pag sinabi namang inclusive, para sa lahat.

So hindi lang nagpo-provide ng servisyo para sa iilan, pero nagpo-provide ng servisyo para sa mas nangangailangan at available para sa lahat. And last, number eight, good governance ang meron if the leaders are accountable to what they do. Kung ano yung ginagawa nila. So the question there is, do you take or do the leaders take full responsibility of their actions?

So those are the characteristics of good governance. Ang ating bang republika, ang ating bang bansa, ang ating bang mga leaders, ay meron ng mga characteristics na yun. So kayo na yung makakasagot nun.

What about the government? What is government? So government is a group of people with the authority to govern a country or a state.

So in basic terms, In politics and governance, in this subject as a whole, ang gobyerno ay ang mga tao. Common misconception ng mga mag-aaral, perhaps, na ang gobyerno ay ang mga namumuno. Wrong. Ang gobyerno ay ang tao.

So we are the government. We have the say sa mga services, sa mga policies, sa mga laws. Because walang bansa kung walang tao, walang gobyerno kung walang tao, everything that the leaders have, the country has, nakadepende most of which sa tao.

So we are the government. The people is the government. So before we end... The Philippines is a republic with a presidential form of government wherein power is equally divided among its three branches, the executive, legislative, and judicial. The government seeks to act in the best interests of its citizens through this system of check and balance.

So according to Article 2, Section 1 of the 1987 Constitution, the Philippines is a democratic and republican state. Sovereignty resides in the people and all government authority emanated from them. So this slide will make us realize that even if we have leaders, even if we have people who are governing us and working in the government, one, the people collectively, tayo pa din ang may pinakamataas na kapangyarihan over any leader in the country.

Why? Because we are the government. And during elections, lahat ay pantay-pantay at ang boto ng mamamayan ang magdidikta ng kinabukasan ng bansa. In addition, nadagdag din sa information, Although we will be having a deeper discussion on this, yung three branches of the government, the executive, legislative, and judicial, itong branches of the government na ito, ang nagsisilbing pilar or halige para ang ating bansa ay tumakbo ng naaayon sa batas at ang naaayon sa kapakanan ng mas nakararami. So thanks to Ponder.

So, ano yung definition ng politics? On your own understanding, ano yung pagkakaiba ng governance and government? Sino ang government? And as a youth, as a learner, are you having your fair share of being part of the government?

Ano-ano ba yung mga ginagawa mo sa kasalukuyan? Pwede mong gawin sa hinaharap that you can... think of na pwedeng makatulong sa nation building. And lastly, politics ang subject natin, which means there will be times that some issues will be raised, although sobrang effective talaga pag ito ay face-to-face, sayang, pero ganun paman, lagi nating tatandaan na hindi pulat. and yellow is the true enemy.

So, people's views are different. Political views, religious views, or beliefs, and anything. We always remember that there is the greatest law that governs us. And if we understand how that works, then...

Kahit ano pa mang paniniwala ng bawat isa, ilirispeto natin yun. So, see you sa next lesson. Magandang araw sa inyong lahat at maraming salamat.

Transcript for:Philippine Politics and Governance

Transcript for:
Philippine Politics and Governance